Connaraceae

Connarus paniculatus, Illustration

The Connaraceae are a plant family in the order of the sorrel -like ( Oxalidales ). It is pantropical spread with about twelve genera and 110-200 species.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the family are woody plants: trees, shrubs or lianas usually. The Secondary growth in thickness is based on a conventional Kambiumring, or abnormal about a concentric cambium ( Rourea ).

They can be evergreen or deciduous. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is leathery pinnate in general, but often consists of only one or three leaflets that are usually smooth, rarely have a lobed margin. The stomata are paracytisch, rare or rare cyclocytisch diacytisch. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The flowers are borne in part or ( pseudo) terminal, racemose or paniculate inflorescences on bracts. The flowers are usually hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual then the species dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The small radial symmetry to slightly zygomorphic flowers are (rarely four ) usually fünfzählig double perianth. The ( four ) usually five sepals are usually free or fused at the base at most. The ( four ) usually five petals are usually free. There may be a small discus. There are usually one or two circles, each with five stamens present, which are mutually free or at most at their base short, but not fused with the petals; they are often significantly unequal, wherein the inner circle more. Either all stamens fertile or there are one to five staminodes present. The pollen grains usually have three, rarely four apertures and are colpate or colporate. There are usually five (one to eight) -free, permanent upper carpels present. Each carpel contains two generally orthotropic, bitegmische, crassinucellate ovules.

The follicles are often individually or in pairs to eight together in a multiple fruit. The follicles remain closed or open and usually contain only one, rarely two seeds. The seed is usually surrounded by a fleshy, colored Sarko Testa and oily endosperm may have. The seed coat is thick. The embryo is straight.

The basic chromosome numbers be x = 13 or 14

Systematics and distribution

The Connaraceae family was erected in 1818 by Robert Brown in Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, p 431. Type genus is Connarus L. A synonym for Connaraceae R.Br. is Cnestidaceae ( Raf. ) Raf ..

It's a family with pantropischer distribution. The main distribution area is located in Africa and tropical Asia. Some species occur in the subtropics. Only a few species there are in the New World.

The Connaraceae family is divided into four tribes, and contains about twelve genera with 110-200 species:

  • Tribus Connareae: Connarus L.: It is pantropical spread of about 80 to 120 species.
  • Ellipanthus Hook.f.: The approximately seven species are widespread in the Old World.
  • Hemandradenia Stapf: The approximately two species are widespread in tropical Africa.
  • Burttia Baker f & Exell: it contains only one type: Burttia prunoides Baker f & Exell: It occurs in Tanzania, Mozambique and Zambia.
  • Tribus Jollydoreae: Jolly Dora Pierre ex Gilg: it contains only one type: Jolly Dora duparquetiana ( Baill. ) Pierre: It occurs only in Gabon.
  • Tribus Manoteae: Manotes Sol. ex Planch. , the only three species are widespread in tropical Africa.
  • Tribus Cnestideae: Agelaea Sol. The spread about 15 species in tropical Africa and tropical Asia: ex Planch.
  • Cnestidium Planch. , The four species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Cnestis Juss. The approximately 13 species are distributed mainly in tropical Africa, one species is found in tropical Asia.
  • Pseudoconnarus Radlk. , The four or five species are common in South America.
  • Rourea Aubl. Pantropisch It is widespread with about 40 to 100 species.

Evidence

  • The Connaraceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Connaraceae family at DELTA - Families of flowering Plants by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
  • Lingdi Lu & Nicholas J. Turland: Connaraceae in the Flora of China, Volume 9, 2003, p 435: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • RHMJ Lemmens, FJ Breteler, CCH Jongkind: Connaraceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales, 2004, pp. 74-81.
Rosids Robert Brown (botanist) Vascular cambium testa (botany) Cereal germ Agricultural Research Service
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