Construct (philosophy of science)
A construct is a not empirically discernible facts in a scientific theory. Constructs are thus conceptual or theoretical nature. This does not mean that the facts in question does not " exist", but only that he is from another, measurable facts developed (indicators). Therefore, one also speaks of latent constructs ( or latent variables, see also latent variables model). The process of " inference, " ie operationalization.
For example, the construct of intelligence eludes direct observability, but can be measured by an indicator such as the intelligence quotient ( IQ).
According to the sociologist Hanns Wienold theoretical constructs are terms that are suitable Observed relate to each other, without being opened directly from observed facts. In contrast to the " strictly empirical science approach" standing theoretical constructs found in newer sciences recognition as "meaningful components of scientific theories ."
The term construct is closely related to the concept of concept. The concept emphasizes more strongly that there is a scientific or theoretical concept, while in the construct, the emphasis is on the non- observability.
Definition of constructs
Constructs can be defined in different ways
The difference between nominal and real definitions is explained in more detail here. Carl Gustav Hempel has pointed out that the term real definition three different classes can be understood by cases ". Nominal definition, the meaning analysis or empirical analysis "
Constructs first and second type
Theo Herrmann different constructs first type whose extension and intension are fully known empirically constructs of the second kind, whose intension was vague and whose extension is greater than observed or can be (so-called " surplus of meaning ").
Constructs of the first kind are merely generic terms so as not to have all members of a category list. Constructs the second type allow extrapolation to a non- observed situations, for example, from the present to the future or on a sample of their population.
Example of a construct of the first kind:
Example of a construct of the second kind: