Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

The contagious bovine pleuropneumonia ( Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia engl. ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease in cattle. It was classified as the only bacterial disease by the OIE as particularly dangerous ( epizootic of the former list A). The CBPP is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides causes and manifests itself in a severe lung and pleurisy ( pleuropneumonia ). The disease is one of the mycoplasmosis and is used today mainly in Africa, in Europe it is a notifiable disease and should not be treated.

Pathogen and disease development

The causative agent of lung disease is Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides, with only the small colony type is trigger disease. The pathogen was first discovered in 1898 by Edmond Nocard and Émile Roux, and is the first mycoplasma scientifically described. Receptive are probably exclusively cattle. For sheep, goats and buffaloes of the pathogen was able to be isolated, calls there but probably no disease out. This Paarhufern comes under some circumstances a role in the spread, which is why they are for animal health purposes included in the precautionary measures.

Infection occurs primarily via air, ie by recording kontamierten dust on the respiratory system.

Clinical picture

The incubation period is 5 to 207 days, usually between 20 and 40 days. Receptive are mainly animals that are older than 6 months. The lung disease may be acute ( rarely peracute ) or manifest chronic. It manifests itself in fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, cough, and nasal discharge. In chronic cases the cough may also occur only under load. The peracute form has a mortality rate of up to 70%.

Calves are considered highly resistant, here the disease manifests itself mainly by arthritis, which can be connected as a complication with a endocardium or heart muscle inflammation.

Combat

The treatment is for animal health purposes prohibited in disease-free areas. The lung disease is notifiable and infected animals are slaughtered.

The fight takes place mainly through epidemic hygienic measures and monitoring of animal transport. In endemic areas (Africa) live vaccines are used.

History

The disease is known in Europe since the 18th century. With the growing animal transport it was introduced in the 19th century to America, Africa and Australia, the latter starting to Asia.

In industrialized countries, the disease was already at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century as eliminated, during the First World War flared from Eastern Europe starting, but back on. The last outbreak in Germany in 1926 was observed.

Main distribution area is now Africa. Despite initial restoration success in the 1960s, the number of outbreaks by the numerous civil wars and the weakening veterinary measures is again on the rise. Single outbreaks were until very recently also in western and southwestern Europe.

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