Cordeliers
The Club des Cordeliers, formally Société des droits de l' homme et du citoyen ( "Society of Human Rights and the Citizen" ), was a radical club during the French Revolution. Among its leading figures included Jean -Paul Marat, Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Jacques -René Hébert and Pierre Gaspard Chaumette -.
Foundation
The origins lie in the active role of the district of the Cordeliers at the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 and the revolutionary events of the following months. The especially the petty bourgeoisie and the craft belonging to residents were regarded as particularly radical, leading figures of the revolution as Desmoulins and Danton had settled here. The club was founded on 27 April 1790 and later named analogous to the Jacobins after his meeting, the dissolved Franciscan monastery - because of their a cord tied around the stomach are called in French Franciscan Cordeliers, " knitting carrier " -, met from 1791 but in hall of society " Musée de Prais " in the Rue Dauphine.
History
The aim of the club is to further the revolution, while watching government and legislative assembly and, where appropriate, to put them under pressure; in the correspondence he used an open eye as an emblem. The motto " Liberté, égalité, fraternité " possibly comes from Antoine -François Momoro, a prominent Cordeliers, at least it has been widely used and popular by this club. The Cordeliers actively participated in the movement against the monarchy on 20 June and on 10 August 1792. The September Massacres in 1792 were also due to the radicalization of the Cordeliers.
1793, drew a division from: in a moderate faction (also Dantonists ), including Georges Danton, Fabre d' Églantine, Louis Legendre and Camille Desmoulins, some of which also belonged to the Jacobin Club, and increasingly the " indulgent " or Indulgenten Club dominant radical and anti-clerical Enragés (also Hébertists ) with Jacques -René Hébert, François- Nicolas Vincent, Charles Philippe Ronsin and Antoine -François Momoro. While the Dantonists wanted to curb the revolutionary terror and bring peace in the First Coalition War tended the Hébertists to an aggravation of the revolutionary measures to meet the growing social crisis sir. Among other things, under its pressure increased, the Convention on the loi of suspects (Law on the suspects ) and the loi du maximum général (General Maximum Price Act). The ultra-left group it was based in particular on the destitute sans-culottes.
The Hébertists were opposed by those revolutionaries who wanted to end the terror, especially by Danton and Desmoulins of in his 1793 and 1794 published journal Le Vieux Cordelier. The club Danton and Desmoulins violated and attacked Robespierre for his " moderation ", at its meeting of 14.Ventôse ( March 4 ) in 1794, he called for an uprising against the rule of the Welfare Committee, but without taking any action. The French historian Albert Soboul believed that only a mass demonstration had been planned. Mediation efforts of Saint -Just, and Collot were not successful. On 23.Ventôse ( March 13 ) the main Cordeliers were arrested, tried and convicted in court, they were guillotined on 4.Germinal (24 March ) in 1794. A few days later the faction of Dantonists was smashed, the arrest and conviction of the most prominent members was carried out under the pretext of corruption and treasonable negotiations with the enemy abroad, their execution took place on 16.Germinal ( April 5 ). The club of the Cordeliers, its most important members robbed, played in the further course of the revolution no longer matters nominally he persisted until April 1795.
Known members
- Jean -Baptiste Carrier
- Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
- Marie -Joseph Chénier
- Georges Jacques Danton
- Camille Desmoulins
- Fabre d' Églantine
- Jacques René Hébert
- Jean -Paul Marat
- Antoine -François Momoro
- Pierre -François -Joseph Robert
- Charles -Philippe Ronsin
- François- Nicolas Vincent