Coronation
The coronation is a ceremony by which a person receives, the winning, a special power. Character of this power is usually the crown.
General
By a coronation or were introduced usually kings and emperors, queens and empresses in their office. With the coronation and the vassal of the subjects was associated. In turn, the newly crowned ruler confirmed all the rights and privileges that were in his realm. For rulers are not kings, so grand dukes, dukes and princes, one speaks of the Hereditary Homage.
It was long a dispute in European history, whether secular rulers crown itself or whether a coronation should be performed only by an ecclesiastical dignitaries.
Presence ( Europe)
Coronations in the strict sense, ie where the king is anointed and put upon him the crown, and other insignia are given into the hand, there is in Europe today alone nor in the UK.
In the other European countries that once had coronation tradition, it was abandoned in the 19th or early 20th century and replaced by a Vereidigungsfeier ( as in Sweden) or by a blessing ceremony (as in Norway). In Denmark, even merely a proclamation by the incumbent Prime Minister is taking place, as the swearing in of the crown prince is already carried out in the Constitution when reaching the age of majority. Recent European coronations outside of the United Kingdom were those of Håkon VII in 1905 in Trondheim, Norway, by Charles I in 1916 in Budapest, Hungary (as Charles IV of Hungary), by Ferdinand I. in 1922 in Romania Alba Iulia and by Pope Paul VI. 1963 at the Vatican.
Spain has known since the 14th century, no more coronations, and founded in the 19th century monarchies, such as Belgium and the Netherlands, they were unknown from the beginning. Took the place of coronation here, as in present-day Sweden, one taking place in front of the Parliament Vereidigungsfeier connected in the Netherlands with a tribute by the Parliament.
In swearing-in celebrations and blessing the imperial insignia remain on a pillow laid next to the newly introduced monarchs lie and this presents not personal; in these cases it is because even incorrect to speak of " coronation ".
Coronation in the Middle Ages ( Europe)
In European history, the coronation occurs as the most important ceremony in the wake of the King survey on the place of the anointing that is in the tradition of anointing the kings of Israel. But this will continue to be maintained during the Middle Ages.
During the Frankish king Pippin III. could establish his kingdom by anointing ( 751 ) and three years later by papal anointing his son Charlemagne combines the acquisition of the imperial title with a coronation by the Pope ( 800).
Henry I renounced the first Roman- German king on an anointing. The reasons for this are not entirely clear. His son Otto I then decided to but a solemn royal collection in Aachen in 936, the anointing and coronation included. It was like his imperial coronation in 962, the coronation ceremony which highlighted. The Church's celebration as part of the King survey is therefore also by a Krönungsordo, not an anointing ceremony regulated.
Articles on various coronation ceremonies
- Coronation of the Egyptian Pharaohs
- Coronation of the Holy Roman kings and emperors
- Coronation of British monarchs
- Coronation of the Russian tsars and emperors