Coryphoideae
Hyphaene thebaica
The Coryphoideae are a subfamily of the palm family ( Arecaceae ). It includes the most palm trees with palmately divided leaves.
Features
The representatives are hermaphroditic, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. You are once ( hapaxanth ) or several times flowering ( pollakanth ). They are sometimes reinforced, but the spines are never emergences. The leaves are palmately divided ( Palmat ), feathered, finned fiederig or rarely bipinnate. With few exceptions, the fletching is induplicat, the separation of the segments is thus at the adaxial folding edges. All induplikaten palm trees belong to this subfamily. There are also representatives with reduplikater or irregular leaf division.
The inflorescences are often heavily branched. The bracts are sometimes tubular. The flowers appear singly or in slabs, rare in triads. The flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual. The gynoecium is free or fused ( apokarp or synkarp ). The ovules have different shape. The exocarp is smooth or divided into korkige warts. The endocarp is usually thin to maturity, rarely thick. One to three seeds are produced per fruit.
Dissemination
The range of the subfamily corresponds to the family essentially. The representatives colonize a wider range of locations and climatic extremes than any other subfamily of the Arecaceae.
Fossil record as well as phylogenetic analyzes indicate an origin of the subfamily in the northern hemisphere. Then in the Late Cretaceous and the Tertiary, there was a diversification in boreotropischen areas.
System
The Coryphoideae within the meaning of Dransfield et al. (2008 ) are identified in numerous studies as a natural kinship group ( clade ). They are the sister group of the clade from Arecoideae Ceroxyloideae. Within the subfamily four clades can be distinguished, whose relative position is still unclear:
Phoeniceae
Trachycarpeae
Sabaleae
Chuniophoeniceae
Caryoteae
Corypheae
Borasseae
For a list of all genera see palm family.
Documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, page 215