Costumbrismo
The Costumbrismo (German Kostumbrismus, from Spanish: costumbre Customs, custom of the country ) is a literary movement of about 1830 to the mid-19th century, which describes the manners and customs of Spanish society. The representatives of this movement are called Costumbristas.
Spanish writer
The romantic orientation of Costumbristas and their often conservative attitude closed the realistic treatment of genuine social problem not enough. Many authors published under a pseudonym. Representatives were, inter alia, the Swiss-born Fernán Caballero, Ramon de Mesonero Romanos, Mariano José de Larra, Serafín Estébanez Calderón and Pedro Antonio de Alarcón. They prepared the realist novel of the last quarter of the 19th century (eg Pérez Galdós ) the way. The style of the local customs, in many regions - favors the creation of a distinctive literature by emphasizing the particular local color - for example, in Andalusia, Asturias, Basque Country or Galicia. He also influenced the literature of Latin America, especially Peru.
Latin American writers
The Costumbrismo peruano sets with José Joaquín de Larriva y Ruiz one (1780-1832); Other representatives were F. Pardo ( 1806-68 ), Clorinda Matto de Ricardo Palma and Turner. In Chile, José Joaquín Vallejo ( later pseudonym: Jotabeche ) applies ( 1811-58 ) as Kostumbrist. In Colombia, J. de Dios Restrepo ( 1827-97 ), T. Carrasquilla ( 1858-1940 ) and Rubén López to call, in Mexico José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi ( 1776-1827 ), the 1816 the first Latin American novel (El Periquillo Sarniento ) ever wrote, also JB Morales (1788-1856), M. Payno ( 1810-94 ) and G. Prieto ( 1818-97 ).
In Central America, the Costumbrismo dominated until the 1930s. In El Salvador, José María Peralta Lagos and Salvador Salazar Arrué mentioned. Rafael Ocasio highlights the role of the customs and manners of the Afro-Cuban identity, but also its problematic stereotypes in the description of the life of black slaves out.
Costumbrismo in the broader sense
In a broader sense, Costumbrismo in Spain every kind of artistic representation folk or regional characters to cartoon called ( German equivalent in the literature about: home seal, in the visual arts: painting morals or genre painting ).
Also in relation to the music of Latin America is often spoken of Costumbrismo.
Costumbrismo in the visual arts of Latin America
Especially in Latin America played a significant role in the Costumbrismo painting and graphics. He distinguished himself by a detailed, almost ethnographic and documentary account of the life and the festivals of the people, capsized sometimes in idyllic genre painting. A significant costumbristische painting school existed in Cuba with VP Landaluce ( 1825-89 ) and the French-born lithographer and landscape painter Pierre Toussaint Frédéric Mialhe ( 1810-68 or -81? ), Who lived from 1838 to 1854 on the island.
Mention should also be: in Colombia R. Torres Mendez ( 1809-85 ), in Argentina Carlos Morel ( 1813-94 ), in Uruguay JM Besnes y Irigoyen ( 1788-1865 ), in Chile MA Caro ( 1835-1903 ) and in Mexico José Agustín Arrieta ( 1802-79 ).