Courier

A messenger ( v. althochdt. Offer boto ) is the bearer of a message at the instigation of a transmitter to a receiver.

A courier refers to the bearer of a message or a ( small ) object ( see also courier service). In the diplomatic service of the courier means a State messengers to transmit secret messages and important documents.

The term derives from the French courrier = Courier, run to courir =, race, (cf. Latin: currere = walk, run ). Analogously, a courier is thus a " fast runner ".

Formally similar to a messenger first and fundamentally a medium that conveys information to a recipient.

In contrast to the abstract medium, however, the messenger makes its appearance concrete and flesh as a person. Legally, a messenger from the transmitter a declaration of intent.

History

In mythology, animals also act as messengers. The Germans knew woodpecker and Elster. Raven and Dove were in Hebrew mythology as a transmitter in the water level of the flood.

The Greek mythology knows the messenger god Hermes. Equipped with winged sandals and caduceus God acts as a link between Olympus and Earth and solves temporarily greater unrest (see: Pan). His female counterpart is Iris, the attribute of the rainbow illustrates the bridging function of the messenger.

Come equipped with the messenger symbol of the angel wings ( angeloi ) in numerous cultures in appearance. Their appearance and their message triggers for a joy ( euaggelion as good joyous message ), on the other hand quite well fear and horror.

However, the Greek language is called next to the heavenly court and the earthly human messenger angel ( angeloi ).

Literally the messenger brought bad news ( Book of Job 2) has become a synonym for calamity or disaster messages.

Recognition of the messenger

The obvious recognition of the legitimacy serves as privilege ( right of way, transportation, support). Therefore, it was equipped from the outset with certain insignia. The Herald carried a certain dress, and the caduceus. The Werl Fußboten wore a shield with the coat of arms on the chest. Later postman postman appear uniformed, identifiable by an acoustic horn signal. The reliability of the messenger is a prerequisite for its suitability.

The bearer of bad news

The behavioral pattern, the bearer of bad news on behalf of the cause responsible to draw could be frequently observed in history. Examples can be found in ancient myths and stories that date back to the time of the ancient Greeks.

Messenger and bid

What suggests the etymology is confirmed in reality. Simplifies and generally it can be said: A messenger is invited from a master to submit bids. This proklamatorische aspect can still be found in the origins of the Roman nuncio or legate.

Also meets this characteristic to the field of religion about the missionary, in the ideology of the propagandists, in politics on the agitator and demagogue, in trade and economy to the representative, or advertising.

In between national transport yourself to the special office of the Ambassador has formed. The diplomat acts similar to the messenger as the mouth of the respective government, as well as their eyes and ears.

The Geheimbote

Unlike the force acting in the public messenger of the Geheimbote his message to hide from the access of others. From the beginning of human communication we had to hide methods and encryption techniques endeavor ( see further cryptography, steganography ).

Three stages

The oral messenger

The original, on most physical tangible, in the form of today " tangible " as an ambassador messenger had his message to convey verbally. He got the message by heart, so that he could recapitulate the recipient.

A further stage formed the herald, who read out a written order by the ruler before his subjects or nationals of foreign powers and their order gave validity.

The letter messenger

See also: Butcher mail, postal rider

The letter messenger transported only the written by the sender on a material letter. This letter is sealed in a vessel, rolled or secured in an envelope and a seal from foreign inspection.

On the other hand, mediated by the printed paper of newspapers messengers play a more substantial role.

Legal term

In the German Civil Law of the messenger is sharply distinguished from the representative. The representative acting on behalf of another, there is a separate declaration of intention - so that it arrives on the capacity of the representative for their effectiveness. The messenger, however, does not transmit its own, but a strange declaration of intent. Whether a messenger or a representative is present shall be determined by interpretation in doubt. The capacity of the messenger is irrelevant. Memory verse: Is the child still so small, it can nevertheless already be messenger.

Example 1:

A commissioned B to buy him a certain newspaper. B is messenger of A. At the kiosk B are from a foreign declaration of intent.

Example 2:

A commissioned B to get him any magazine. B is looking at the kiosk from a magazine. B acts as the representative of A and has its own declaration of intent in foreign name. B had a certain room for maneuver, as it should A buy any magazine.

According to the prevailing opinion, however, the § § 177 ff BGB are applicable by analogy to the messenger when this occurs as a messenger and a declaration of intent " on bringing " which in truth is not from that which is specified as Explanatory (so-called Pseudobote ). In this case, the messenger is treated as a representative, although he is a messenger. However, the representatives of the respective liability under § 179 BGB of the messenger then assumes its full capacity. For contesting 120 of the Civil Code is explicitly provided in § that the same conditions apply to the case of an incorrect delivery as according to § 119 BGB for a mistakenly delivered declaration of intent.

Official messenger

In many authorities a so-called official messenger is busy. Ushers are officers or employees of the simple service which are paid mostly by grade A1/A6. Walk you through typical errands, where they distribute documents, letters, or other things to the respective clerks. In addition, they perform mostly simple activities such as the making of photocopies.