Cramond
Cramond is a village on the outskirts of Edinburgh in Scotland, now part of the suburbs of Edinburgh. It lies on the north - west end of town at the mouth of the River Almond in the Firth of Forth.
In the area of Cramond were evidence of prehistoric settlements from the Mesolithic, found from the Bronze Age and the Roman period. In addition, the village is the birthplace of the Scottish economist John Law.
- 3.1 Literature
Etymology
It was long assumed that the Romans called their attachment Alaterva. A stone altar that was dedicated to the " alatervanischen mothers and the mothers of the parade ground ", was found under the foundation of Cramond House. Archaeologists interpreted the inscription as referring to the locality, but this theory is regarded by scientists as disproved. " Alatervae " is probably an old name for Matronae, might have the Tungerer who built the altar, called their wives so.
History
Stone Age
During archaeological excavations in the area of Cramond evidence of a settlement from the period have been found around 8500 BC. This is the oldest known prehistoric settlement in Scotland. The inhabitants of the Mesolithic camp were nomadic hunter-gatherers. All bones were decomposed by acidic soil, but refuse and storage pits and numerous hazelnut shells were found. It is believed that the place because of its proximity to the River Almond and the Firth of Firth was chosen because the local oyster and mussel stocks provided a reliable food source. In addition, some microlithische stone tools, which were made at the storage space found.
Roman
Around the year 142, Roman forces arrived in Cramond. They were commanded by Emperor Antoninus Pius, who had given them the mandate to build a fort at the mouth of the River Almond. This camp was to protect the eastern flank of the border with Scotland. Nearly five hundred people worked on it and built a fort, which almost 24.281m ² and covering a port. However, the fort was occupied for about fifteen years before the troops left it again, because they were needed in the south to protect Hadrian's Wall. Show pottery and coins from a later period, that the fort and the harbor settled about 208-211 again and were used as the basis for the army and the fleet of the Emperor Septimius Severus.