Critical criminology

As critical criminology or radical criminology (in the UK New Criminology ) a sense of Criminology is known that was formed in the 1960s in contrast to the traditional ( etiological ) Criminology, which was described by her as a legitimizing science.

Formation

In the Anglo-American world, the critical criminology against the etiological criminal sociology, the first pulse of David Matza went out and criticized the fact in 1964 in his book Delinquency and Drift, that criminology ( in Anglo-American countries identical to the sociology of crime ) the recent developments in the formed social science, have particularly sleepy symbolic interactionism. Criticized especially the multi-factor approach of the couple luck, which had an internationally known longitudinal study operated and developed a forecasting panel. With Howard S. Becker's book Outsiders Critical criminology made ​​a qualitative leap forward for labeling approach. The questioning of social norms and the supervisory authorities came to the forefront of scientific interest.

In the UK, developed by Jock Young a critical criminology Marxist persuasions, which derived criminalization of class positions. Stanley Cohen declined to Marxist criminology. Cohen is a critical criminology, which pursues the labeling socially deviant behavior particularly accurate.

In Germany there was at the beginning of the 1960s, no significant sociological tradition of criminology. Therefore, the critical criminology sit here with an ideology critique of traditional (of law and psychiatry dominated ) Criminology at:

Thus, the German critical criminology had skipped the development of the sociology of crime and was from the beginning with the labeling approach (and in radicalized by Fritz Sack version ) is concerned.

Founded in 1969, the working group of young criminologists " ( AJK ), in which the critic of conventional discipline accumulated. To date (2013 ) of the AJK are the Criminology journal out.

Development

The U.S. criticism of the etiological Kriminalsoziologie leveled off after a few years, a moderate version of the labeling approach (secondary Devinanz ) was received in the common theory canon. The British New Criminology turned into a sozialdemokratisierten criminological New Realism, which now corresponds to the international fold scientific mainstream.

In Germany ebbed with the establishment of leading members of AJK in science critical discussion from the early 1980s. The radical version of the labeling approach is no longer rezipiert, their protagonists as Fritz Sack and Helge Peters are now emeritus, Heinz Steinert has died.

The be understood as a critical criminologists continue to publish in the journal Criminology, but other issues have to face. Henner Hess and Sebastian Scheerer published in 1997 under the title What is crime? a constructivist theory of crime with which they demarcated from the labeling approach blind shear expression and also drew upon elements of traditional sociology of crime. Meanwhile, Hess and Scheerer are considered deviants.

In addition, in Criminology Journal Michel Foucault ( governmentality ), David Garland ( culture of control ) and Giorgio Agamben ( Homo Sacer ) orientation of the discussion. Since 2008, Heinz Steinert and Reinhard Kreissl working on a " socio - neuro-scientific theory of action " and must be from its own scientific environment of Rüdiger Lautmann the accusation: "Colleagues who have been studied only the responses to ' crime ', contact. the cause about this success gets the bio- criminology given: the Critical criminology finally assumes reason - would be cynical to note - and traces the etiological turn ".

Since the mid- 1990s, individual, majority female representative of Critical Criminology deal (Martina Althoff, Gerlinda Smaus, Lydia Maria Seus, Helga Cremer -Schäfer and others) reinforced with the category "gender", bear evidence of feminist discourse in the critical criminology and thus expanding their views.