Cunoniaceae
Weinmannia pinnata
The Cunoniaceae, rarely mentioned Cunoniagewächse are a family in the order of the sorrel -like ( Oxalidales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). The about 300 species are prevalent in the southern hemisphere.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaves
There are woody plants: shrubs, trees or lianas often. Many species are evergreen.
The opposite or whorled arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery leaf blades are rarely easy or usually composed of three parts sometimes, but mostly pinnate. The leaf margins are usually serrated. Stipules ( stipules ) are always present. In wirteliger sheet position, the stipules of adjacent sheets are fused into a single entity, in this case one uses the term Interpetiolarstipeln.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are single or many different types of inflorescences: cymes, panicles or heads. For example, David Sonia jerseyaqna is kauliflor.
Most radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic or rarely unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual, then the species dioecious ( Spiraeanthemum ) androdiözisch, gynodiözisch or polygamomonözisch ( Subdiözie ) can be. The bloom can be divided into sepals and petals or sepals are only kronblattähnliche available. There are (three to ) five ( or ten ), or (six to ) ten ( or twenty ) sepals available (free or fused at their base ). When petals are present then there are (three to ) four or five ( or ten ) (free or fused at their base ). There are one or two stamen circles exist, each with four or five free stamens, rarely there are 11-40 stamens. Usually two, rarely three to five carpels are a mostly upper constant ( at Spiraeanthemum half under constant ) ovary adherent ( synkarp ), rarely are the carpels free ( apokarp ), rarely the ovary is also partially under constant. The flower, two, or three to five, free pen available, according to the number of carpels.
Fruit and seeds
For species with apokarpen carpels follicles are formed. The other species are the fruits most ( woody ) capsule fruits, drupes sometimes or rarely Nuts. The small seeds are winged or wingless; they have an oily endosperm.
Dissemination
They are native to Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, South America, on the Mascarene Islands and Southern Africa ( capensis). So you have a distribution that corresponds to the supercontinent of Gondwana. Several species have a strongly disjoint area on different continents, for example Cunonia in South Africa and New Caledonia or Caldcluvia and the apparent elm ( Eucryphia ) both in Australia and southern South America. The area of Caldcluvia extends further north to Ecuador and the Philippines. Geissois has areas in Fiji in the Pacific Ocean. The main distribution is in tropical areas between 13 degrees north latitude and 35 degrees south latitude.
System
The Cunoniaceae family was erected in 1814 by Robert Brown in A Voyage to Terra Australis, 2, p 548. Type genus is Cunonia L..
The types of previous families Baueraceae Lindl., Davidsoniaceae GGJBange Eucryphiaceae and Gay are now included in Cunoniaceae. Other synonyms for Cunoniaceae R.Br. are Belangeraceae J.Agardh, Callicomaceae J.Agardh and Codiaceae Tiegh ..
In the family of Cunoniaceae there is ( 16 to 27 ) is about 23 genera and about 280 to 350 species:
- Acrophyllum Benth. ( Syn: Calycomis R.Br. ex Nees & Sinning ), with only one species ( or two types ): Acrophyllum australe ( A.Cunn. ) Hoogland: It is endemic to the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.
- Anodopetalum biglandulosum ( Hook. ) Hook. f: It is endemic in the temperate rainforest of western Tasmania.
- Callicoma serratifolia Andrews: It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
- Hooglandia ignambiensis McPherson & Lowry: It occurs only in New Caledonia.
- Platylophus trifoliatus D.Don: It occurs only in South Africa.
Use
From some species the fruits are eaten raw. The wood of some species is used.
More images
Cape spoon tree ( Cunonia capensis ):
Inflorescences.
Feathery leaves and large spoon-shaped stipules.
Weinmannia tinctoria:
Habitus.
Racemose inflorescences.
Swell
- The Cunoniaceae family in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
- The families of the Cunoniaceae, the Baueraceae and Eucryphiaceae at DELTA. ( Description section )
- Cunoniaceae in New South Wales Flora Online. (Section Description and systematics)
- Yohan Pillon, Helen C. F. Hopkins, Jérôme Munzinger & Mark W. Chase: A Molecular and Morphological Survey of Generic Limits of Acsmithia and Spiraeanthemum ( Cunoniaceae ), In: Systematic Botany 34 (1 ), 2009, pp. 141-148. doi: 10.1600/036364409787602410