Cutting tool (machining)

Cutting tools are characterized by one or many attached to a stem or leaf wedge-shaped blades that are used for shaping a workpiece by cutting. Depending on the type of separation process, a distinction is made cutting tools for machining and cutting tools for zerteilende manufacturing processes. Tools for CNC Machines are assembled from several components and documented in the tool management.

Cutting

Tool movements

Cutting tools can rotate or be rigid clamped in the machine. In the rotary tool, a chip is removed on the workpiece by its rotation. This is for example the case for a milling machine. In contrast, the workpiece rotates during rigidly clamped tool in order to remove a chip, which is the case in the rotary machine.

Cutting geometry

Main article: cutting tool

The tool according to the material to be machined a very specific cutting geometry that represents a cutting wedge. This ensures, together with the correct cutting speed optimum chip flow and thus economic production of the workpiece with the optimum or required surface quality. The most important angle on the cutting wedge is called the rake angle, wedge angle and clearance angle.

Tool materials

Main article: cutting material

Cutting tools are made from a variety of cutting materials.

In today's modern, high-performance oriented cutting the traditional tools made ​​of tool steel and high speed steel (HSS / HSCO / HSS-E / PM HSS-E ) are less and less used.

Hard metals, often with coatings ( TiN / TiAlN / TiCN ) provided, as well as super-hard cutting materials (polycrystalline diamond / Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride / cermet / ceramic) are the cutting materials, which is currently being machined.

The number of new Zerspanungswerkstoffe that are extremely abrasive in part, can be economically processed again by the super-hard cutting materials.

The time between the ground sections or the time between the replacement of the cutting tools is known as the service life.

Tools with geometrically defined cutting edge

Milling tools

  • Shell end mills
  • End mills
  • Keilnutenfräser
  • Side milling cutter
  • Radius cutter ( concave or convex)
  • Facets cutter
  • T- slot cutters
  • Indexable milling cutters
  • Slot drills

Drilling Tools

  • Twist Drills
  • 3- lip drills
  • Step Drills
  • Insert drills
  • Center drill
  • Core drill
  • (Fine) drill rod
  • Two Schneider
  • Counterbore
  • Reamer
  • Countersink

Turning Tools

  • Eckdrehmeißel
  • Grooving
  • Abstechmeißel
  • Radius turning tool
  • Form turning tool
  • Copy turning tool
  • Schruppdrehmeißel
  • Simply turning tool
  • Thread turning tool
  • Page turning tool
  • Side tool

Tools with geometrically undefined cutting edges

Grinding tools

  • Ceramic grinding wheel
  • Borazon grinding wheel
  • Diamond grinding wheel
  • Cut-off wheels
  • Cutting disc at the inner hole separating

Related Tools

Abstechmeißel, cutting wheels and the like serve to be slit production.

Shear cutting tools

  • Shear
Wedge (mechanical device) Titanium nitride
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