Cutty Sark

• Ferreira
• Maria do Amparo

The Cutty Sark is an English tea and wool clipper. It was completed in 1869 and was one of the fastest sailing ships of their time. She was the last clipper to be built for sea trade. In 1954 she was launched as a museum ship in a special dry dock in Greenwich, London, but burned down in May 2007 from nearly complete. After restoration it was re- opened on 25 April 2012.

Name

The ship's name comes from Robert Burns ' famous work Tam O'Shanter (1791 ), called in the vernacular, the Lowland Scots, also Lallans he " short ( under ) shirt" means and includes the beautiful witch Nannie. The ship has accordingly as figurehead a lady - the Nannie wearing a short shirt and a rope in his outstretched left hand ( instead of the tail of Tam's horse, she could only take in its pursuit ). The Portuguese called it, therefore, as the sailors from 1895 under their flag, drove in continuation of the tradition Camisola Pequena ( " little shirt ") instead of its official name Ferreira (and later Maria do Amparo ).

Ship history

The Cutty Sark was in Dumbarton (Scotland ), on the River Leven ( empties into the Firth of Clyde west of Glasgow ) built at the shipyard Scott & Linton for the London shipowner John Willis and expired on November 25, 1869 from the stack. Their motto at the bow: " Where there's a Willis a way - Where there's a will is a way" ( " Where there's a will there's a way" ) - a pun on the name of the shipowner Willis, who is always a tall white cylinder wore. Scott & Linton, who had agreed a price of 16,500 pounds sterling for the ship had to file for bankruptcy at the end of the construction period - the Cutty Sark was her only ever built large ship. The shipyard William Denny and Brothers completed the construction.

First, the clipper was used until 1877 in the tea trade. The ship never won one of the famous Teerennen, partly because of the prudence of their captains G. Moodie and FW Moore. After the opening of the Suez Canal the tea trade of steamboats was taken over and driven for the journey from Shanghai through the Suez Canal to England in 1875 in 42 days, whereas the Cutty Sark for the trip around the Cape of Good Hope took 102 days. Later, it went as a tramp with different loads. Having a hard time 1877-1882 the Cutty Sark 1885 their seventh and longest serving to their captain Richard Woodget became the fastest sailing ship of her size and time (wool trips around Cape Horn ), put some records and also beat her old rival Thermopylae. Captain Woodget was initially cut the spars and the mainmast to the Skystenge and to remove all the studding sails that were not needed for the trips to the Roaring Forties, but allowed reduction of the team from 28 to 20 men. Only after complete satisfaction with the modified rig the new skipper broke on his first trip to Australia with the ship on which he should run for ten years and make you famous.

1895 for 2,100 pounds sterling to the Portuguese shipping company " J. A. Ferreira & Companhia " and renamed Ferreira, it was after Entmastung 1916 umgeriggt near the Cape of Good Hope, for cost reasons to Barkentine and six years later, in 1922, to the " sold Companhia Nacional de Navigação " and renamed Maria do Amparo. In the same year the desolate ship, from a repair stay in London Coming ran, one because of a storm in the port of Falmouth. The already retired Captain Wilfred Dowman recognized the 53 years old, he already as a cabin boy always highly estimated ship back and bought it in Lisbon, the Portuguese owner for 3,750 pounds sterling from, hauled it to Falmouth and restored it with the help of his wife, whom his enthusiasm allocated for the beautiful ship in the original condition. It served until 1938 in Falmouth as a stationary training ship. In 1938 the Cutty Sark as a gift to the widow captain Dowmans to the Thames Nautical Training College in Greenhithe ( until 1949 ). In 1954 the famous ship was transferred on his last voyage in the purpose- built dry dock in Greenwich, where it was accessible as a museum ship from 1957.

In early October 2006, the ship was closed for extensive restoration and should be re- opened in 2009. However, it came on 21 May 2007, probably due to a broken vacuum cleaner, a fire, in which the ship's hull largely gutted. Fortunately, at this time because of work about half of the ship's equipment - for example, the pylons and the steering wheel - outsourced and for restoration -supplied teak wood from the 19th century (worth 400,000 pounds sterling) was not installed yet. Even the iron skeleton was not completely destroyed by the fire. Under these circumstances, a complete restoration was possible. The reopening took place on 25 April 2012 at the presence of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.

Ship data

• Construction: Composite Hull (iron / wood) as a smooth Decker; Plated iron keel ( keel on wood ), iron straps and iron reinforcement parts, underwater ship with Muntz metal ( a brass type )
• Rigg: full-rigged ship with split Mars, simple Bram, Royal, Lee, wholesale Skysegel ( Teeklipperrigg ); 1885 reduced rig; 1916 Barkantine; 1923 Originalrigg
• Use: to 1877 tea clipper, tramp, 1885-1895 wool clippers, 1923-1938 stationary training ship; since 1957 a museum ship

• Launched: November 23, 1869 ( proposed name and baptism of Mrs. Moodie, the Kaptänsgattin )
• Maiden voyage: February 16, 1870 Shanghai, China
• Call sign: K J W S
• Built by: Scott & Linton, Dumbarton, Scotland, completed by Denny & Bros.; Rigging in Greenock
• Designer: Hercules Linton
• Cruise Line: John Willis (known as the " Old White Hat " John " Jock " Willis ), London
• More cruise lines: YES Ferreira & Cia, Companhia Nacional de Navigação, Lisbon, . Thames Nautical Training College, Greenhithe
• Other names: 1895 Ferreira, 1922 Maria do Amparo, 1923 Cutty Sark
• Port of registry: London, England; Lisbon, Portugal; Falmouth, England; Greenhithe, England; London.
• Figurehead: Nannie ( witch from Tam O'Shanter by Robert Burns, clothed with short shirt)
• Length Overall ( LOA): 85.35 m ( 280 ' (ft. ) )
• Length Galion rear (trunk length): 64.77 m ( 212 ' 6 ")
• Length on Deck ( LaD ): 62.8 m ( 206 ' )
• Length in the KWL (LWL): 60.2 m (197 '6 " )
• Length between perpendiculars ( VAS, LPp ): 58.5 m ( 192 ' )
• Width: 11 m (36 ')
• Depth: 6.7 m (22 ' 6 ") ( Schiffsinnenmaß )
• Side height: 7.8m
• Draught: 6.4 m (21 ')
• Survey: 963 GRT ( gross registered tons ) / 921 NRT ( net registered tons )
• Displacement: 2,700 tons / 2,747 t ( 1,079 tons/1.096 t ship mass including charge ) max. at 6.4 m depth
• Load Capacity / Load capacity: 1,672 tons / 1,700 t (1 tn.l. = 1.016 t) max.
• Sail area: 3,000 m² ( 43: 16 frame, 4 - Stag, 4 starters, 18 studding sails, mizzen 1 ); Mainyard length: 23.7 m (78 '); 1885 reduction to 24 sail without Lee and Skysegel
• Mast height: 46.3 m ( 152 '; masthead deck), later 44.5 m ( 145' 9 "), length of the retractable bowsprit tree (including bowsprit ) 18.3 m ( 60 ')
• Auxiliary machine: no
• Cost: £ 20 223 (M 404 460 = $ 96,300, and today: $ 321,000 )
• Classification: Lloyd's / Bureau Véritas 16A
• First skipper: George Moodie 1869/72
• Other captains: Frederick W. Moore 1872/73; Wm E. Tiptaft 1873/78; John S. Wallace 1878/80; Wm Bruce 1880/82; E. Moore 1882/85; Ri Woodget 1885/95; Frederico di Sousa 1914/18; Wilfred Dowman 1922 /36.
• Crew: 28-35 man
• Maximum speed: 17.15 kn
• Best Etmal: 363 sm