Cyberspace

The term cyberspace is a portmanteau composed of Cyber ​​( English short form for " cybernetics " from the Greek kybernetiké, "art of the helmsman " ) and space ( for "( world) space " in English ) is composed. It can be translated into German as " cybernetic space" or " Cyberspace ". In analogy to space the word data space is used for this purpose, which is much more accurate actually, since this space, technically, has only a few practical cases, specifically to do with loops of cybernetics something ( eg if data of control loops of cybernetics are visualized ). The concept of cyberspace may relate to the field of cybernetics thus hardly; rather, the linguistic references are relevant for the understanding of the concept.

Concept

The first serious formulation of the concept is found in 1964 in Stanislaw Lem book Summa Technologiae where the concept of cyberspace is described under the name Peripheral Phantomatik. Another early description can be found in Oswald Wiener's book, the improvement of central europe, roman by 1969, notes in the sections on concept of the bio- adapter and appendix A. the bio - adapter. Literally, of cyberspace until much later in the short story Burning Chrome (1982 ) of the American science fiction author William Gibson 's speech, which is generally counted in the cyberpunk literature. Gibson describes cyberspace as a consensual hallucination of a computer-generated graphical space:

" Electrodes on, and there they were, all the data in the world, close together like a single giant Neon City, so that one could wander around and some access to them had - at least visually, because otherwise it was too complicated to certain data ranzupirschen that they sought. "

In his novels, people create cyberspace - who is described by Gibson as " Matrix" - by connect via a neural interface to networked computers. Described here completely immersed in the cybernetic space seems to anticipate the immersion virtual reality as it was realized in the late 1980s as computer technology, the space simulation. As a pioneer of virtual reality Jaron Lanier is commonly referred to. A similar technology called in Neal Stephenson Metaverse. The novel appeared in 2008, the birch forest uses the cyber space as a homomorphism of the spiritual world. Although caught in cyberspace people live in a virtual world, but to illustrate here with the claim that the power of thought of the people.

Colloquially used the term cyberspace, especially in the 90s mostly as a synonym for the Internet, or more specifically the World Wide Web ( WWW). The technology and social science research, however, there tends to distinguish Internet and WWW as infrastructure of cyberspace. Cyberspace appears here as virtualized impression which has no topographic location. In addition, cyberspace is understood in current social science research approaches as "computer -generated media horizon of meaning ". Whoever enters into cyberspace, its social and objective, spatial and temporal perceptions are virtualized.

An important text on the legal conditions of such virtual spaces is the Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace by John Perry Barlow, which demanded a freedom from control by national governments.

The television series Max Headroom played in the 1980s (as well as the movie " Tron " ) as one of the first with the possibilities of virtual reality and virtual existences. In 1999, internationally highly successful Andy and Larry Wachowski, the film matrix. The film eXistenZ, in 1999, working with the possibilities of cyberspace and always giving visitors new virtual spaces. Such virtual spaces can also be in the movie The Animatrix (for example in Matriculated segment) to see.

Developments in cybernetics and cyberspace in real computer systems

A high phase experienced cybernetics 1946-1953 on the world-famous Macy Conferences. Eminent scientists like Alan Turing, John von Neumann and Heinz von Foerster laid here the foundations of modern computer technology, such as in the field of computer architecture, which are a prerequisite for the real cyberspace on computers today.

Usually we associate with cyberspace in real computer systems a computer- generated media " virtual space ", which is displayed on the screen of a computer system and spanned only in the spiritual idea by the axes of added imaginary coordinate system. The added imaginary coordinate system is only a tool that finds practical application in computer graphics programming, but is not visible when the code runs on the screen normally. If the objects are generated plan fully in the " virtual space ", it can be generated in the virtual space, a horizon of meaning, with the aid of a so-called " virtual world" is formed which undergoes a special specification in connection with the Internet in the concept of " Web3D ".

Metaverses

After the hype surrounding the virtual world Second Life, many more metaverses emerged. SLTalk (now AVAMEO ) refers to this metaverses as Internet-based 3D infrastructure or there is also talk of Web3D. Here is also used by other metaverses next Second Life reported as Secret City, There, Entropia, SMEET, Stage Space, Metaverse or Utopia. In particular, the interaction of the terms fiction, reality, virtuality and cybernetics are discussed here. Interesting in this context is the concept of virtual reality.

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