Cymbal

As basin (English Cymbal, Italian Cinello or Piatto, French Cymbale ) is called slightly convex, existing mostly in bronze alloys discs that are either beaten in pairs opposite each other ( cymbals ), or mounted on a stand, are struck with wooden or Garnschlägeln. In contemporary percussion cymbals are mounted on stands and are struck with sticks. Depending on the use and style of play, they are divided into different types. They produce a hissing sound rich in overtones with a long sustain ( finale ), but not a specific pitch. The diameter of the orchestra pools varies - depending on the required volume of sound - between 40 and 60 cm. In the orchestra often pair basins are used. The small swimming pool is also called cymbal.

History and Use

Basins are known since ancient times, and its origins are probably in Asia. The Imperial China and Turkey have here exercised the greatest influence on the development. The Janissary the pool came during the 17th century to Central Europe, where they found their way into the military orchestra and later in the symphony orchestra. In the military music they play an important role and mark, together with the bass drum, the basic strokes.

Production

The production of a pool is a complicated process and comprises several steps. In particular, the metal alloy, but also those operations of hammering and twisting off - which are still performed at high-quality models by hand - a significant influence on the sound of the later basin.

The major manufacturers brands Paiste, Zildjian, Sabian, Meinl, UFIP, Istanbul, Anatolian and other two alloys are common: The so-called B20 alloy frequently used ( 20% tin, 80 % copper), and B8 ( with a correspondingly lower tin content, and reddish coloring). Poor quality and favorable pool consist usually of brass or nickel silver.

Usual methods of preparation are:

• Forging: blanks, discs or cast metal lumps are placed by hand by hammering with small hammers in the form and then fully, partly or not turned off. This results in an original and characteristic sound. Pools: The process begins in the foundry, the copper-tin mixture is melted at 1,150 degrees Celsius. This temperature is generated by a thermal induction process. Once the metal castings are hardened again, they are placed in the furnace chamber, where they are sorted according to weight. This ensures that each blank minimal waste. Carefully any contamination is removed from the molds. To preform the heavy castings for the Beck production, they are heated and six to twelve times rolled. With each pass, the distance between the rollers is reduced to compress the tank to a fraction of a millimeter exactly to the specified thickness of the pool. In each run, the blanks are rotated. Then the large blackened blanks are stored to cool and harden. At this time the metal is extremely stiff and brittle. After cooling, the preforms are re-heated and hence softened, in order to bring them in the middle with a bell or a cup shape. Then they are heated again prior to being dipped in cold water. Then a hole is drilled and the center of the blank brought to the approximate final diameter. In the higher price range, the basins are now completely finished by hand. Each hammer blow itself changing the shape and the sound of a cymbal, so each bowl is unique. With each hammer blow, the bronze is compressed. This produces dimples, which make up the sonic complexity of the basin. Placement, frequency and intensity of hammer blows significantly affect the sound of the cymbals. Cheaper products are pressed with up to 20 -ton presses. The sophisticated shaping the basin raises the pitch and provides a brighter sound. Subsequently, the tank is turned off and thus brought to the desired strength. It is very important to maintain the correct shape and the right tone during this process. Then grooves cut into it, allowing better vibration of the basin in order to unfold its full sound. In the next operation the trimmer reduces the pool to the exact size and smoothens the basin edges. Then the tanks are stored in shelves where they can recover and mature from the constant heating.

Variants

Ride cymbal

Ride cymbal ( ride cymbal ) usually have a diameter of 18 to 24 inches and can have very different material thicknesses have. Depending on the processing they have a relatively defined stop ( "ping "), which by a noise ( " Wash" ) is highlighted. Some cymbals sound relatively dry, others thinner produce more "white noise" and thus a rather undefined soundscape. If you play the bell ( " bell " ), so you will hear a brighter and clearer bell-like tone. If one plays the other hand, the edge of, the overtone will also be larger, and the pelvis may be swaying. According to their applications, there are some special forms, such as Sizzle Rides, having symmetrically arranged holes with loose small hollow rivets to create a flowing, distinct noise or the flat ride that has no dome and thus has less harmonics.

On the ride cymbal, a continuous pulse or solid rhythmic figures are usually ( "pattern" ) played.

Hi -Hat

The hi-hat is a part of a drum kit. It consists of a pelvic pair, the upper basin top and bottom Bottom Basin. They are mounted horizontally on a stand with a pedal. This allows using a balancer to open and close the hi-hat with the left foot in the standard set -up. Hi- hat cymbals usually have a size of 13 or 14 inches, at the Hard Rock area and 15-inch hi-hats are used. There are very different productions. So Bottom Basin were made with holes to provide better air balance. For some manufacturers, this pool is curled, for example, in the sound - Edge series by Paiste.

Crash Cymbals

16 " crash cymbal (Bronze ) from Paiste

The crash cymbals, also known as accent reduction or basin is mounted on a cymbal stand. When you hit ( with a drum stick, broom or the like ) to generate an initially exploding, then, depending on the thickness and size of the pool, etc., more or less long decaying sound. The material here is mostly bronze, the thicker, the louder and brighter, thinner, darker and finer, but also quieter the sound. Typical sizes are 12 to 20 inches.

Crash cymbals can be sanded, hammered or both to change the sound at the same time. It is mostly used not in the groove, but as an accent.

China Basin

The China Basin (china cymbal, dt "Chinese bowl ") is so far an exception, as it is - due to a different cultural background - significantly different in shape from the other pool types. It also has an exposed hilltop. However, this is in contrast to the other types of pools often not circular, but rather cylindrical. The most striking feature is the highly curved edge that makes it look in cross section as a kind of long-drawn Gugelhupfform the basin. The diameter is usually at 14 to 24 inches. The sound is comparable to a crash cymbal, but rather " dirty " or " raw " and shorter. China Basin are often used for short, explosive accents or staccato figures. Larger, often provided with Sizzles China have also found in jazz and big band music input as a ride cymbal. To protect the edge of the pool, they are usually upside down or hung vertically, so you can make the bent edge surface. This problem has solved the Paiste company with the so-called Novo China - the dome is shaped here to the other side.

Splash - and -effect basin

10 " splash cymbal from the AA series ( Sabian )

Splash ( splash cymbal ) are comparable with crash cymbals in nature and function, but they are much smaller in diameter ( about 6 to 12 inches), which is why they also have a different sound characteristics: splash cymbals speak rapidly, sound bright, bubbly and hardly sound after. They are used for short, bright accents. Especially Stewart Copeland and Manu Katché established the use of Splash.

In addition, there are a number of effects cymbal with various special features such as holes or clamps to enhance the sound spectrum of drum sets. The creativity of the pelvic manufacturer is nearly endless, as is the list of names under which these pools are on the market. Thus " Mini China " "Jingle -hat " or similar instruments, the range of " cups ", " Bells ", " stack ", getting bigger, although not all are unique to one of the above groups of these. Cups or Bells are pools, similar to produce a sound of the bell of a ride cymbal. Stacks are several pools that are placed directly above one another. Thereby a basin is often much smaller than the other or a basin is placed in a China. So you produce very dirty and short sounds, which are mainly used in Drum and Bass and comparable electronic styles.