Cystidium
The cystidia are usually showy, sterile cells that can occur from lamellar mushrooms between the basidia in the fruit layer ( hymenium ). But they are also found on the stem bark and the hat skin, where they also often considerably stand out from other cells and protrude more or less out of the tissue structure. Their presence and the shape of the cystidia are often decisive for microscopic determination of species or genera.
Depending on the location of their occurrence Cheilo, pleuro -, Pileo and Caulozystiden be distinguished. The first two are summarized as Hymenialzystiden and the last two as dermatocystidia. Chryso, Gleo -, pseudo - and Leptozystiden be divided according to location independent criteria.
The real Zystiden are grown on Subhymenium. Those that arise from the deeper Trama are called Pseudozystiden.
- 2.1 Literature
- 2.2 Notes and references
Classification
After the village
In the fruit layer ( Hymenialzystiden )
Cheilocystidia
The cheilocystidia are on the cutting blades of agarics. In many cases they are thin-walled and can be fixed to the naked eye because the cutting blades is colored differently from the surface.
Pleurocystidia
The pleurocystidia located at the lamellar surface and are less common than the cheilocystidia. Often they are hard to find. A fin cross -section is usually necessary in order to detect microscopically.
On the pileus and stipe ( dermatocystidia )
Pileozystiden
The Pileozystiden are on the hat surface. Its shape they are similar to the Cheilo or pleurocystidia usually. The Hutoberflächen the mushrooms are hairy- velvety or finely frosted.
Caulozystiden
The Caulozystiden are located on the stem surface. Their shapes and structures are similar in many ways to those of the cheilocystidia; However, they are often a bit larger. Therefore, the presence of these Zystiden can usually be seen even with the naked eye or a magnifying glass. The stem surface appears fluffy, hairy or tomentose.
According to other criteria
Chrysozystiden
The Chrysozystiden have refractive substances that turn yellow in potassium hydroxide or ammonia.
Gleozystiden
The Gleozystiden or Gloeozystiden contain an oily or greasy substance appears, the metachromatic behaves with Kresylblau, ie assumes a color different from that of the colorant. Gleozystiden are usually difficult to detect, but can be often blue with Sulfovanillin, gray or burgundy stain, to be better recognized. Gleozystiden are more common in non- agarics, polypores such as beef or mushrooms.
Lamprozystiden
Lamprozystiden are Makrozystiden that occur in some Milchling species. They differ from ordinary Makrozystiden by their thick cell walls ( 3-4 microns ), it usually cylindrical or lanceolate shape and their hyaline content. They appear mainly in tropical species, only the meat Ling - Ling milk is the only European species they are found also. If they occur on the fins cutting is referred to it as Cheilolamprozystiden, you can find them on the lamellae surfaces, they are also referred to as Pleurolamprozystiden.
Leptozystiden
Leptozystiden are thin-walled cystidia. If they are on the cutting blades are also referred Cheiloleptozystiden, they are situated on the vane surface they are called also Pleuroleptozystiden.
Makrozystiden
Striking long and great Zystiden at Täublingen and milk Lingen also called Makrozystiden. The term was originally introduced by Romagnesi for the description of cystidia in Russulaarten. Particularly frequently, the term is however used in dairy Lingen. Makrozystiden distinguished above all by the fact that they contain needle-like crystals or fine oil droplets or have a granular content, the gray stains with Sulfovanillin or other sulfo - benzaldehydes to blackish. Makrozystiden spring usually deep in the hymenium, so the fruit layer that forms the basidia. They are usually thin-walled and conical to spindle-shaped. Are the Makrozystiden on the vane surface, one also speaks of Pleuromakrozystiden, you can find them on the cutting blades, one speaks of Cheilomakrozystiden.
Parazystiden
Parazystiden are poorly differentiated, usually more or less hair -like cystidia on the cutting blades (see here).
Pseudozystiden
Normally cystidia originate in Subhymenium. In some fungal groups and species but zystidenähnliche hyphae are observed, which arise from the much deeper Trama (inner fungal tissue ). In such a case one speaks of Pseudozystiden. Pseudozystiden come as before with the roof mushrooms, where the cystidia arise from the lamellae. Pseudozystiden are, as the name suggests, no real Zystiden.
Zystidiole
Zystidiolen are thin-walled hyphae in the hymenium zystidenähnliche that may be sticking out sometimes or specially shaped. Much like the term " Zystide " the term Zystidiole by various authors is different narrow or broad.