Cytisine

(1R, 5S) -1,2,3,4,5,6 - hexahydro- 1,5 - methano - 8H -pyrido [1,2- a] diazocine -8-one (IUPAC)

N07BA

154-156 ° C

218 ° C ( 2.7 hPa)

Good in water ( 439 g · l-1 at 16 ° C )

Risk

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Cytisine is a toxin that occurs among others in the laburnum and belongs to the group of quinolizidine alkaloids. He is toxic and does not cause intoxication. Cytisine is the principal alkaloid of the laburnum, but for which only the seeds and other parts with suspended growth.

There is cross-tolerance to nicotine, cytisine and nicotine as interact with the same sites in the brain ( receptors).

Medical Application

Cytisine stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and thus has a nicotine -like effect. So in the First World War were leaves of laburnum, which contain cytisine, used as a tobacco substitute. But that cytisine thus has no addictive effect. Since 1964 it is sold in Bulgaria under the brand name TABEX as a smoking cessation agent. In the years 1964-1989 it was also available in the former Eastern Bloc countries for smoking cessation. Because of the Cold War there was never a marketing authorization in the western states. Today TABEX place next to Bulgaria or Poland application.

Cytisine is the plant model for the synthetic varenicline, which is approved in the U.S. under the brand name Chantix and has been marketed since October 2006 in Europe under the name Champix.

Is currently being sought for admission of TABEX the rest of Europe. One recent study found that TABEX is to certify a better effect than varenicline.

Occurrence

• Cytisus canariensis
• Sophora secundiflora ( Meskalbohne )
• Laburnum
• German broom
• Japanese pagoda tree