Dali City
Dali (Chinese大理 市, pinyin Dali Shi ) is the capital of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Yunnan Province.
As a county-level city of Dali consists practically of two different cities together: the old Dali, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Nanzhao and Dali, and the new XiaGuan, often called ' New Dali '. Located near the old town " Three Pagodas " form a landmark of Dali. The city of Dali has an area of 1,468 km ². The end of 2004, the population was about 590,000 inhabitants; in 2008 at 603 500. Of these, 67% belong to the Bai nationality.
Administrative Divisions
At the community level, Dali is made up of ten large municipalities and a nationality community. These are:
- Greater community XiaGuan (下 关镇), center, seat of the city government;
- Greater community Dali (大理 镇); Historical Center, Old Town Dali
- Greater community Fengyi (凤仪 镇);
- Greater community Xizhou (喜 洲镇);
- Greater community Haidong (海东 镇);
- Greater community Wase (挖 色 镇);
- Greater community Wanqiao (湾 桥镇);
- Greater community Yinqiao (银 桥镇);
- Greater community Shuanglang (双 廊 镇);
- Greater community Shangguan (上 关镇);
- Community Taiyi the Yi (太 邑 彝族 乡).
History
Due to its rich history and culture Dali today is one of the 24 culturally and historically significant cities in China. Dali has a more than 3000 -year history. Already in the 2nd century BC, the area was mentioned on a map of the Kingdom of the center plane for the first time as Yeyu country during the Western Han Dynasty in 109 BC was founded. Representatives of different, then non-Chinese tribes, the Dai, Bai, Yi and Naxi, settled around the Erhai Lake. Chinese emperors tried several times unsuccessfully to bring this city and the area under their control. With the support of the Tang Dynasty united chief Piloge (also known as Mengshe Zhao ) Finally, six strains of the Erhai region and founded the kingdom of Nanzhao ( 738-902 ), whose influence reached as far as Burma, North Vietnam and Assam. It included a large area of present-day Yunnan and northern Burma and parts of Sichuan and Guizhou. During this time the three pagodas of Chongshen Temple were built.
Instead of Nanzhao Dali Kingdom which was founded in 938 by Duan Siping. In the 500 years of the kingdom Nanzhao and Dali City Dali was the political, economic and cultural center of the region. Around the year 1000 Dali is said to have counted among the 13 largest cities in the world.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan destroyed the Kingdom of Dali and established in its place the Yunnan province, which he incorporated it into his empire. The old town and the palace were destroyed. The political center thus shifted from Dali to Kunming. Dali was named Taihe and maintained this during the Ming and Qing dynasties ( 1368-1911 ). Only in 1913 was renamed back to Dali. In 1983, the old town and the new town of Dali were XiaGuan and other places and circles around the Erhai Lake to the present city of Dali merged.
From 1856 to 1872 Dali was the headquarters of the Panthay Rebellion, led by Du Wenxiu. In 1857, the city fell to the rebellious Sultan Suleiman Tu Wen Hsiu. It was taken on 15 January 1873 by the Imperialists under General Yang Yu -ko again. Of the 50 000 inhabitants, 30 000 were slaughtered. In the provincial capital 24 panniers were sent with ears cut off in order to convince the local population that the rebellion was put down. Only 20 years later was a large part of the suburbs in ruins. The commander was appointed Titai of Yunnan. He ruled despotically then Dali from across the province, which was perceived by the central government soon as threatening. They ordered him to Beijing, to honor him, from where he was then sent to Formosa to fight the invading French. He fell during this campaign, although it is not clear whether. , With French or Chinese sphere In his will, he left the city of his Yamen therein set up a college for 70 students.
Old Town Dali
The historic old town Dali, also called Yeyu or Zhonghezhen, also served as namesake for today's urban management area around the Erhai Lake, including the Neustadt XiaGuan due to its visibility. It lies at the foot of the westerly Cangshan Mountains and only 10 minutes from the eastern shore of the Erhai Lake. With 13 km to the south Neustadt XiaGuan it is connected by a highway. The historic center, which was destroyed during the Mongol domination and built in the Ming time again, is the tourist highlight of the region. The city was built in the form of a square with a width and length of 1.5 miles and a circumference of 6 km. Parts of the old city wall with a width of 7 m and a height of 8 m are preserved in the south and west, as well as the gates in the south ( Tong Hai ), North ( An Yuan ), East ( Chen En) and west ( Cangshan ).
Southern city wall
Overlooking the Old Town Dali
Economy
The economy is dominated by industry and 52% to 8 % by agriculture. The tourism industry has a share of 40%. The gross domestic product in 2008 reached a value of 14.26 billion RMB. Notwithstanding the importance of tourism, the city government promotes the establishment of industrial enterprises in two industrial parks on the eastern shore of the Erhai Lake and the south of Dali.
- The Economic Development Zone (Dali Provincial Economic Development Zone ) was founded in 1992 and is also expanded into a high -tech zone since 2000. It extends over the entire eastern shore of Erhai Lake and after completion include 116.68 km ². It is divided into 4 areas: 1.Tianjing Business tourism area, 2 Manjiang industrial area of Life Sciences, 3rd industrial area of new technologies and materials, electronics and mechanical engineering, 4.Haidong New Town ( circle Fengyi ).
- The Innovation and Industry Park (Dali Innovation Industrial Park ) is located in the south of Erhai Lake District Fengyi and one of the 30 key industrial parks in the province. A five-lane road connects the industrial park to the new city Fengyi. After completion, the park will cover an area of 47.32 km ². The focus is the automotive industry, mechanical engineering, textile industry, food and logistics. In the park there are 28 companies (as of 2010 ). Dau includes the Lifan Yunma - vehicle plant, the Hongshan Cement Plant, Fengxian Logistics, Dianxi textile factory and a food - industrial park.
Dali has its own brewery China Carlsberg Group, which produces the typical for the entire region " Dali beer ".
Education
With the University Dali Dali has a university with more than 1,200 employees, are trained at the more than 15,000 students. It was founded in 2001 by the merger of the Medical College, the College of Education, the Dali Branch of the Academy of Radio and Television of Yunnan Province and the Polytechnic Dali.
Traffic
Once Dali was on the southern Silk Road, which led to Burma and provided a resting place for caravans dar. Even at present, Dali a transport hub in the region and to Southwest Asia and South Asia. Gradually, or the transport links by road, rail, water and air to be removed. Daily buses connect Kunming with Dali and Lijiang.
With the Dali airport, the city has in spite of the mountainous location has its own airport. Dali is connected to the national roads 320 and 214. Daily train multiple trains between Dali and Kunming. A new railway line, which was built in the period from December 2004 to September 2009 as part of the Go- West Strategy of China, connects with Dali, Lijiang. It runs on the east side of Erhai Lake and has a total length of 167 km. A four-hour bus ride can now be replaced by 1.5 hours ride.
Geography
The administrative area of Dali extends around the ear -See ( He - Hai ), which represents an area of 256.5 km ² accounts for about 15 % of the total area. The old and the new center located on the western and southern shores of Erhai far from the parallel to the Erhai Lake over a length of 40 km extending Cangshan Mountains. The average annual temperature is 14.9 ° C. The rainfall is 1051.1 mm per year. On average frost-free period includes 228 days a year. The number of sunny hours is 2,200 per year. Because of the climate, the location, culture and history of Dali is often compared with " Geneva on the Lake" and called the " Geneva of the East".