Daniel Bernoulli
Daniel Bernoulli (born 29 Januarjul / February 8 1700greg in Groningen. . † March 17, 1782 in Basel) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist of the scholarly Bernoulli family. He worked with Leonhard Euler to the equations that bear their names. The Bernoulli effect is of paramount importance in aerodynamics.
Life
Bernoulli was the son of the mathematician Johann Bernoulli and his wife Dorothea Falkner. The mathematician Nicholas II Bernoulli was his brother, the mathematician Jakob I Bernoulli (1655-1705), his uncle. With five years Bernoulli came with his family to Basel.
From the age of 16 Bernoulli studied medicine in Basel in 1718 and moved to Heidelberg. After a stay in 1719 in Strasbourg Bernoulli returned to Basel. There he received his doctorate in the following year as MD Because of any university issued a call to him, took Bernoulli in 1723 a study trip to Venice to educate yourself there at Stadtphysikus Pietro Antonio Michelotti. During his local assistant Bernoulli made the acquaintance of the card game Pharo.
With a booklet about this card game he made his debut as a mathematician; with work on the Riccati equation, he was known throughout Europe. 1725 Bernoulli was appointed along with his brother at the Russian Academy of Sciences to Saint Petersburg. In a letter to Christian Goldbach on October 6, 1729 Bernoulli was the first to reach a possible representation of the gamma function. City, State and workplace liked Bernoulli did not, so he took in 1733 a disease as a reason for his journey home. He returned to Basel and taught at the University until his death. 1733 he took over the chair of anatomy and botany and moved to the chair of anatomy and physiology ten years later. But 1750 was fulfilled then Bernoulli's dream when he was entrusted with the Department of Physics. Twice (1744 and 1756 ), he served as rector of the university.
Apparently he had a bad relationship with his father. When both on a scientific competition of the Academy of Sciences in Paris participated and shared the first place, Daniel was cast out by his father, as it allegedly could not bear the shame of being compared with his son. Overall Bernoulli won ten times that price.
In 1738 he published his major work Hydrodynamica. The research results contained in published his father Johann entitled Hydraulica plagiarism by postdated this to seven years. Despite Daniels reconciliation Try it remained split between him and his father.
Bernoulli was a contemporary and close friend of Leonhard Euler.
His earliest mathematical work was published in 1724 Exercitationes, containing a solution proposed by Jacopo Riccati Riccati equation. Two years later he had the first time attention to the often desired decomposition of a compound motion into translational and rotational movements. The structure resembles Lagrange Méchanique Analytique, as all results will appear as a consequence of a single principle, in this case, the conservation of energy.
He was followed by the memorandum Traité sur le flux et le reflux de la mer on the theory of the tides, for which he 1740 - beside Euler, Antoine Cavalleri and Colin Maclaurin - received a prize from the French Academy. The writings of Maclaurin, Euler and Bernoulli contain everything has been prepared on this subject between the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia and the investigations of Laplace. The article by Antoine Cavallieri treats based on ether vortices theory of René Descartes.
Bernoulli also wrote a large number of articles on various mechanical questions, especially about problems associated with vibrating strings and the solutions given by Brook Taylor and d' Alembert. He is the first to attempt to formulate a kinetic theory of gases, and applied them to explain Boyle's law, which is connected with the name of Robert Boyle and Edme Mariotte.
In addition, presented Bernoulli in 1738 and the St. Petersburg paradox.
Posthumous honors
In Basel in 1875 in honor of Daniel Bernoulli at the entrance of Bernoullianums erected a bust.