Daniele Manin
Daniele Manin ( born May 13, 1804 in Venice, † September 22, 1857 in Paris) was instrumental in the revolution of 1848 in Venice, where under his leadership the independent Republic of Austria Repubblica di San Marco was proclaimed. He is also provided by some authors with the nickname " The last Doge ".
The revolution in Venice was associated with the liberal and radical democratic uprisings for an independent Italy and was part of the March revolutions against the ruling dynasties and the restoration political order since the Congress of Vienna.
Life
Manin was the grandson of a lawyer of Jewish origin. His grandparents, Samuele Medina di Verona and Allegra Medina Moravia, were converted Jews, who, as usual, the name of the godfather Bishop Lodovico Manin, a relative of the last Doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin (1789 to 1797) is adopted with Baptism 1759. Daniele Manin studied law at the University of Padua. He was there already doctorate at age 17 and settled in his native city, practiced as a lawyer.
Daniele Manin was highly regarded, spoke next Venexian Italian, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French and German. He worked on the preparation of the railway connection to Venice ( ferrovia Ferdinandea ) with, seemed eager for the political education of his people, supported the leader of the national movement, Giuseppe Mazzini, the over large parts of northern Italy ruling Austrian Government publicly criticized and operated the founding of the Società Nazionale Italiana with. On 21 December 1847 he handed over the Lombard General Congregation a petition, which was demanded by the Austrian government to grant independence to the Kingdom of Lombardy - Venetia.
He was therefore arrested on 18 January 1848 but was released on March 17 after violent protests in Venice and the news of the revolt in Milan. Daniele Manin held after a speech in which he, inter alia, said that armed rebellion is sometimes not only a right, but will in some circumstances " mandatory ". He urged to free himself from the Austrian foreign rule. His stance was controversial and it is also not entirely clear whether he really wanted an armed uprising. Daniele Manin refused to join the convened by the Podestà Giovanni Correr advisory committee to help tackle " the unpredictability of the moment ". He withdrew sulking and was taken on the morning of March 22, 1848 with the news of the revolt of the arsenal workers out of bed. It was added only when the arsenal was already occupied by Venetian patriots. Military Governor Field Marshal Count Sigismund Ferdinand von Zichy capitulated March 22, 1848, 18.00 clock, and took with the troops. The following day the Republic was proclaimed and Daniele Manin appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Once in May 1848 in the Lombardy and Veneto in a plebiscite had gone in favor of joining the Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont, Daniele Manin resigned on July 3, 1848 in favor of Jacopo Castelli on the grounds that he could not serve as a subject for a king. On July 4, 1848, the decision was taken to join the Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont.
On August 11, 1848 Daniele Manin received during the siege of Venice by Austrian troops from the democratically elected Parliament Venetian town " unlimited powers ". He held the inner order even inspired the inhabitants to resist the Austrian troops and held the city against the Austrians until August 1849. On August 23, the city was conquered, and thus destroy the existing year and a half city-state. Daniele Manin was reported along with 39 other leaders of the revolution on August 24. In exile in Paris, he worked as an Italian language teacher and journalist. He has been growing on his radical democratic attitude and called in magazine articles a moderation of the national movement and the connection of the northern Italian territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont. Shortly before his death, he founded on August 1, 1857 Italian National Team, in which the numerous fragmented movements of the Italian national movement merged.
Manin died on 22 September 1857 in France. After the annexation of Venetia to the Kingdom of Italy in 1868 his remains were transferred to Venice and ceremoniously buried on the north facade of St. Mark's Basilica. On March 22, 1875 unveiled at the then so-called Campo Manin against his former home his image. Already in 1861 a statue was erected Manins in Turin.