Dar ul-Funun

Dār al - Fonūn (Persian دارالفنون, also: Darolfonoon, Dar al Funoun ) was the first polytechnic in Iran. Founded in 1851 by Naser al-Din Shah's Prime Minister Amir Kabir in the south of Tehran, in the Nasser Khosrov Avenue, the Dār al - Fonūn was (House of Sciences ), the first modern university in Iran. With the establishment of the Dār al - Fonūn Iran had first built after the dissolution of the famous, higher academic institutions, the more than 800 years earlier resolution of Shapur I. founded 271 Academy of Gundischapur and Grand Vizier under the Persian Nizam al -Mulk Nizamiyahs, again an academic teaching and research institution.

History

One of the main concerns of Amir Kabir was the economy of Iran to modernize, to find the industrial development in Europe Connectivity. This was primarily academically trained engineers were needed. In addition, Amir Kabir wanted to build an army in Iran, which was powerful enough to protect the country from foreign invaders.

When planning the Dār al - Amir Kabir Fonūn was aware that he had to solicit foreign teachers. He commissioned Mirza Dawood Khan, the first interpreter at court Naser al -Din Shah with this task. Dawud (David) Khan was a native of Smyrna Armenians, who had worked as an interpreter in Smyrna prior to his appointment at the Persian court of the Austrian Consulate and had acquired Austrian citizenship in addition to his Persian nationality. On a visit to Vienna he married a daughter of Baron von Schlechta and therefore had excellent relations with the court in Vienna. Dawood Khan traveled to Vienna to recruit teachers for the Dār al - Fonūn, and in 1851 a first group of Austrian scientists, including doctors, ethnographer and later physician to the Shah, Jacob Eduard Polak, and officers went to Tehran itself. The college consisted of a surrounding a large courtyard building with 50 classrooms, a theater, a print shop, a library, a large dining room and various workrooms and laboratories. At the beginning of next basic subjects such as mathematics and logic, especially applied disciplines such as mining, military strategy and tactics, artillery and cavalry essence and foundation courses were taught ( anatomy, surgery ) in medicine. Gradually, the teaching areas were then expanded to include the subjects of physics, chemistry and pharmacy. Towards the end of the 19th century taught 16 Iranian and 26 European professors in the disciplines of medicine, natural sciences, engineering, geology, military sciences and humanities.

At the beginning of the academic term in 1851 135 students were enrolled. From this first group of students in 1858 45 graduates went to Europe, to obtain a PhD. Five graduates doctorate in medicine and were committed after her return as professors of medicine at the Dār al - Fonūn. 1889 noted the British ambassador in Tehran Lord Curzon that the Dār al - Fonūn visited about 390 students courses, of which 75 military subjects had established 140 would science and engineering study, 90 were studying foreign languages ​​, especially French, English and Russian and 80 had rates occupied in technical drawing, architecture and civil engineering. The seed Amir Kabir had risen. Iran's youth took the training opportunities offered to enthusiastic. The printing of the Dār al - Fonūn published outstanding scientific writings in Persian and opened the first photographic studio Iran.

With the scientific teachers from Western countries also their ideas about politics and society in Iran came. It is not surprising that students and graduates of the Dār al - Fonūn from 1905 played an important role in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, which led as a political power center to replace the absolute monarchy and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with a constitution and a parliament.

With the founding of Tehran University in 1935 under the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Dār al - Fonūn lost its importance as a university. It was converted into a gymnasium. As an academic successor of the Dār al - Fonūn is now the Amir Kabir University, which was founded in 1958 under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah as the first technical university of Iran.

Famous graduates

  • Abdolhossein Hazhir, Prime Minister
  • Abdullah Entezam, Iranian diplomat and director of the NIOC
  • Ahmadreza Ahmadi, writer
  • Ali Amini, Prime Minister
  • Ali -Akbar Davar, economic, legal and finance
  • Ali -Akbar Deh'chodā, linguist and Member of Parliament
  • Ali Naghi Vaziri, Iranian musician and composer
  • Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister
  • Kamal -ol - Molk, painter and founder of the Kamāl -ol - Molk Art School
  • Manouchehr Eqbal, Prime Minister
  • Mirza Jahangir Khan, founder and editor of the newspaper Sur -e Esrafil
  • Mozaffar Baqa'i - Kermani, Iranian politician and co-founder of the National Front
  • Nasrollah Entezam, Iranian diplomat and Foreign Minister
  • Parviz Natel - Chanlari, writers, ministers and heads of Bonyad -e Farhang -e Iran
  • Sadeq Hedayat, writer
Ali-Akbar Davar Ali Akbar Dehkhoda Ali-Naqi Vaziri Kamal-ol-Molk National Front (Iran)
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