Dastgah

Dastgah (Persian دستگاه ) is a modal system in traditional Persian music. Persian music consists of twelve principal modal systems or Dastgahs. In addition, more than 50 other Dastgahs (Persian: dastgah - hā ) are obtained, but music theorists speak each of the twelve most important. A dastgah is a melody type, based on which the musician improvises.

Each dastgah contains seven basic notes and to many variable scores, which are used for decorating the music as well as for modulation. Each dastgah is a particular object Modal variation for the development and predetermined by the foregoing order of sequences. There are about 365 " atomic " melodies, called gushehs. A musician learns this through experience and listening. The entire collection of gushehs in all Dastgahs is called radif. During the meeting of the Inter -governmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Heritage of the United Nations on 28 September 2009 in Abu Dhabi Radifs were officially included in the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

The dastgah is comparable to the Arab Maqamsystem. Both systems have their roots in the music of the Sassanids, which was known throughout the Islamic world due to the Arab invasion in the 7th century.

The system of twelve Dastgahs and gushehs remained virtually unchanged until it has been written in the nineteenth century. In particular, by Mirza Abdollāh Farahani ( 1843-1918 ). No new dastgah or large Guscheh has been developed since this commit. When a new Avaz or dastgah was developed, this always happened almost by Auslehnen of existing Dastgahs and gushehs and not by reinvention.

The terminology of the Dastgahs

The term dastgah has often been compared with the musical modes in Western music. However, this does not reflect the correct meaning. The expression can be described as a dastgah is usually the name of an introductory mode in a piece of music over and over again occurs in some form in the piece. And a dastgah identifies a group of modes which belong together according to tradition.

According to musicians, the term dastgah comes from the position ( Gāh ) hand ( dast ) onto the neck of the instrument. The Persian term Dastgah can be translated as "System".

In the usual classifications of Persian music Abu -Ata, Afschāri, Bayat -e Tork and Daschti be regarded as subclasses of dastgah Schur. Bayat -e Esfahān also be viewed as a subsystem of HOMAYUN. This reduces the number of basic Dastgahs to seven. The subclasses in the conventional system are called Avaz آواز.

Each dastgah or Avaz has a sound as a focus, the Schāhed شاهد is called.

The Dastgahs with their Avaz

  • Schur شور
  • Avaz -e Abu -Ata ابوعطا
  • Avaz -e Afschārī افشاری
  • Avaz -e Bayat -e Tork بیات ترک
  • Avaz -e Daschti دشتی
  • Sehgāh سهگاه
  • Tschahārgāh چهارگاه
  • HOMAYUN همایون
  • Avaz -e Bayat -e Esfahān or simply Avaz -e Esfahān اصفهان
  • Mahur ماهور
  • Nava نوا
  • RAST Pandschgāh راستپنجگاه
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