Data storage device

A data storage device used for storing data. The term storage medium is used as a synonym for a particular disk.

  • 3.1 Photographic storage
  • 3.2 Mechanical storage
  • 3.3 Electronic storage - semiconductor memory 3.3.1 Electronic storage media
  • 3.5.1 Magneto- Optical Storage

Definition of Terms

Disk / storage medium

In a narrow sense refers to disk or storage media media that serve as data storage

Data storage

  • Data storage for electronic devices: Disk or storage media that can be read or written with electronic devices (see # Electronic storage media )
  • Electronic components ( semiconductor memory ) storing data within the electronic devices
  • Schrift-/Printmedien (books, newspapers, paper, glass, animal skin, parchment, ...)
  • Image support (canvas, carpet, microfilm, photographic film, ...)
  • Recordings (records, pin rollers, magnetic tapes (eg audio tapes ), CDs, ... )
  • AV - media ( magnetic tapes ( for example, in video cassettes), DVD, ...)

Of memory / storage form

  • Are saved as a script, encoded in the voice and data
  • As an image in the (waste) pictures of the real or fictional world are stored: analog: analog photographs, images ( paintings, drawings, ... ), etc.
  • Digital: image files, digital photographs, etc.

Non-technical storage

Man saves the information by hand or using a carrier material. It is therefore directly readable again without technical mediation. The storage is done without technical mediation, apart from simple tools to guide by hand, such as a knife or brush. Naturally, can be carriers of characters, fonts, and images all solid materials.

  • Paper ( Journal, Book)
  • Films ( Journal)
  • Kerbholz
  • Rolls of papyrus and parchment
  • Panels made ​​of clay, wood, wax, stone ( often shale )
  • Fabrics and woven fabrics (pictures, knot-writing of the Quipu )

Famous historical examples are: Bayeux Tapestry, cave painting and Quipu.

Technical storage

The technical storage includes all data memory and storage media that can be read directly by the senses ( with the hand or the eye). It requires a technological tool, to make the data readable.

Photographic storage

Memory that store by a chemical treatment process data in the form of photographs ( static and moving images and sound film). It is a chemo- optical storage form.

The storage on microfilm is still the safest time for archiving method. To read just a magnifying device is necessary to account for problems with the durability of formats and reading devices.

  • Movies
  • Photographic papers
  • Microfilms
  • Photo linen
  • Photo emulsion

Mechanical storage

In the mechanical storage, the data are described on a large scale mechanically, they are applied physically ( depressions or elevations in the support material ) to the storage medium. The fabricated storage media can only be read. Example: A CD -ROM produced by a pressing process in which depressions (pits ) carry the information.

  • Mechanical reading analog media wax cylinder
  • LP ( LP, Vinyl)
  • Shellac record
  • Punch card
  • Paper tape
  • Digital or Analog Laserdisc
  • CD-ROM
  • DVD-ROM
  • Blu- ray Disc
  • HD DVD

Electronic storage - semiconductor memory

Under all storage media of electronic storage, are summarized which store information in, or on the basis of electronic devices. Electronic storage is now virtually held only by realized in silicon integrated circuits. The individual storage mechanisms can be distinguished according to the characteristics of data management:

  • Volatile memory, the information is lost if it is not refreshed or when the power is switched off,
  • Permanent memory in which a previously stored or hardwired information is that can not be changed and
  • Semi-permanent memory, the information stored permanently, but in which information can also be changed.

To be able to read electronic storage media, it also requires technical aids.

  • Volatile: DRAM, dynamic RAM ( Dynamic Random Access Memory )
  • SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory )
  • ROM ( read only memory)
  • PROM (programmable read only memory)
  • EPROM ( erasable programmable read only memory)
  • EEPROM ( electrically erasable programmable read only memory)
  • Flash EEPROM ( USB stick)
  • FRAM
  • MRAM
  • Phase Change RAM

The end-user obtains the electronic storage medium is often not as a single memory module, but as already combined product: In the case of DRAMs for use as a working memory in computers and peripherals, a plurality of memory blocks are combined in so-called memory modules. The popular for storing multimedia data in mobile applications flash memory used in a variety, usually constructed as a memory card enclosures which contain, besides the actual memory module and controller.

Electronic storage media

  • Memory card
  • Flash memory
  • USB Stick
  • Solid State Drive
  • Register
  • Cache
  • Main memory

Magnetic storage

The magnetic storage of information is at magnetizable material. This can be applied to tape, card, paper, or sheets. Magnetic media is read by a read-write head (not memory core ) or described. We distinguish here between rotating plates ( stacked ) that are read or written by a movable head and not rotating media, which are usually carried past a fixed head for reading or writing. Another distinguishing feature is stored in two forms whether usually analogue data on the medium, digital or.

  • Magneto -electronic digital Media core memory
  • Digital Media Magnetic tape (e.g., DLT); DAT and tape ( digital)
  • Magnetic card
  • Magnetic stripe
  • Compact Cassette ( Datasette )
  • Magnetic bubble memory
  • Tape ( CASSETTE )
  • Video tape ( VHS Tape )
  • Rotating storage media digital Media drum storage
  • Hard disk (hard disk)
  • Diskette ( floppy disk )
  • Removable eg zip disk (from iomega )

Optical Storage

To read and write the data using a laser beam. Optical storage utilizes the reflection and diffraction characteristics of the storage medium from, for example, in ( unpressed ), CD and the reflection characteristics in the holographic storage, the light diffractive properties. The storage form is exclusively digital.

  • Holographic storage formats: HVD
  • Non-rotating storage media The optical band
  • Tesafilm

Subsequent media only as each " not pressed " versions ( see above pressed " Mechanical storage " ):

  • Laserdisc
  • PD
  • CD, sub-formats: Audio CD, CD -ROM, CD -R, CD -RW, SVCD, VCD, MVCD
  • DVD, sub-formats: DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD ± R, DVD ± RW
  • DVD successor: BD, HD DVD, UDO

Magneto- Optical Storage

The magneto-optical storage based on the fact that some materials above a certain temperature ( Curie point ) are magnetically writable. That is, to write the medium is selectively heated ( usually by means of a laser), a magnetic field then, and at this point to align the " Elementarmagnetchen "; on cooling fixed her condition. Below this temperature, the hot material is little more to magnetization reversal. The memory state can be read optically by a laser beam, while the polar MOC effect is utilized. That is, the current orientation of the " Elementarmagnetchen " at the reading position has an optical effect which is used to read - there is thus " magnetically written " but " optically read ."

See for example

  • MiniDisc
  • MO disk

Other storage

  • Run-time memory
  • Storage tubes which are based on cathode ray tubes, such as tube or Williams Selectron
  • Biological memory

Other possible subdivision criteria

  • Storage capacity
  • Data transfer rate
  • Access time
  • Access type: random access or sequential access
  • Writability: read-write memory, or read-only memory
  • Lifetime of the storage medium
  • Storage form: storage of information in digital or analog form
  • Medium using: entertainment media or (computer) data media
  • Use of electronic readers / writers
  • Life of electronic readers / writers used
  • Data formats
  • Encoding
Printed matter Analogue electronics Transparency (projection) Wax tablet Blackboard Photographic emulsion Static random-access memory Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory Computer memory Controller (computing) Cache (computing) Disk read-and-write head Digital Linear Tape Digital Audio Tape Magnetic cards Magnetic stripe card Commodore Datasette LenovoEMC Holographic data storage Holographic Versatile Disc Compact Disc Digital Audio CD-RW Video-CD Ultra Density Optical Curie temperature UNIVAC I Selectron tube Analogsignal Integrated Authority File
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