Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793

The panel of human rights is preceded by a " declaration of human and civil rights " of the French Constitution of 24 June 1793. As its author applies Louis Antoine de Saint -Just.

Declaration of Human and Civil Rights

The French people, has decided in the belief that oblivion and contempt of the natural human rights are the only causes of misfortune in the world to explain these sacred and inalienable rights in a solemn declaration, so that all citizens constantly the actions of the government with the aim can compare every social institution and can therefore never suppress and dishonor by the tyranny; so that the people getting the basics of his freedom and his happiness, the authorities of the scale of their duties, the legislature have the object of his tasks in mind.

Consequently, they announced in the presence of the Most High the following Declaration of Human and Civil Rights:

Article 1 The objective of the Company is the general happiness.

The government is set up in order to guarantee the people's enjoyment of his natural and inalienable rights.

Article 2 These rights are liberty, equality, security, property.

Article 3 All men are equal by nature and before the law.

Article 4 The law is the free and solemn expression of the general will; it is the same for everyone, it is that it protects was, it was that it punished; it can only command what is just and useful to society; it can only prohibit what it is compromised.

Article 5 All citizens are admitted to the public service in the same way. Free nations know their options before other arguments of computing Tung as a virtue and talent.

Article 6 Freedom is the power that allows the people to do that which does not harm the rights of another; she has as a basis the nature, as a measure of justice, as bulwark of the law. Their moral limitation lies in the principle: " What you do not want them do to yourself, do not do to others.

Article 7 The right to give his thoughts and opinions through the press or to any other type expression, the right to assemble peacefully, the free exercise of worship can not be prohibited.

The need to express these rights presupposes the presence or the fresh recollection of despotism.

Article 8 The security is based in the protection, the company assures each of its members for the preservation of his person, his rights and his property.

Article 9 The law is to secure the general and personal freedom against the oppression of those who govern.

Article 10 Anyone can be only in certain cases by the law and in the forms which it prescribes, accused, arrested and imprisoned. Every citizen who is charged or taken on the basis of the law must obey immediately; he is liable to prosecution by resistance.

Article 11 Any act that is committed against a person other than those specified by law, and forms is arbitrary and tyrannical; person against whom one wants to perform by force, has the right to repel them by force.

Article 12 Those that cause random acts, promote, sign, execute, or run, are guilty and must be punished.

Article 13 As every man is to keep innocent as long as he has not been found guilty, should, when it is considered indispensable to arrest him, any hardness, which is not necessary in order to assure himself of his person, be severely prohibited by the law.

Article 14 directedness and may be punished only those who heard or has been summoned by law and only pursuant to a prior commission of the deed law announced. The law, the offense was committed prior to its creation, punish, would be tyranny; to give a law retroactive effect, would be a crime.

Article 15 The law shall determine only the absolutely necessary and inevitable penalties; penalties should be indeed appropriate and useful to society.

Article 16 The right to property is the one that allows every citizen, his goods, his income to enjoy the fruits of his labor and his labor and to dispose of them according to his will.

Article 17 No type of work, and the acquisition of trade can be denied to the diligence of citizens.

Article 18 Any person can dispose of his services and his time; but he still can not be sold are selling; his person is not an alienable property. The law recognizes no easement; only on the services and the compensation for this can between the people who works and who employs him, an agreement to take place.

Article 19 Without his consent no one of the lowest part of his Eigentumes be deprived, if it does not require the legally established public necessity, and under the condition of a just and pre-determined compensation.

Article 20 A tax may be imposed only for the general benefit. All citizens have the right to participate in the assessment of taxes, to watch over their application and be giving them accountable.

Article 21 Public support is a sacred debt. The company owes its unfortunate citizens maintenance, by affording them either work or those who are unable to work, the means for their presence assures.

Article 22 The education is a necessity for all. The Company shall with all his might promote the progress of public education and make accessible to all the lessons.

Article 23 The social guarantee consists in the activity of all to secure every one the enjoyment and preservation of its rights: this guarantee is based on the sovereignty of the people.

Article 24, you can not exist if the limits of the public administration are not clearly determined by law, and if the responsibility of all officials is not secured.

Article 25 The sovereignty rests in the people; it is one and indivisible, imprescriptible and inalienable.

Article 26 No part of the people can exercise the power of the whole people; but each part of the gathers of the sovereign people, enjoys the right to express his will with full freedom.

Article 27 Every individual that sovereignty will presume should immediately be condemned by the free men to death.

Article 28 A people has always the right to improve its constitution to revi - decode, and change. A generation can not subject future generations to its laws.

Article 29 Every citizen has the same right to participate in the legislation and the appointment of its agents or its representatives.

Article 30 Public services are time-limited by their very nature; they can not be regarded as awards or as rewards, but only as obligations.

Article 31 offenses of the representatives of the people or its representatives should never be left unpunished. No one has the right to consider inviolable than the rest of the citizens.

Article 32 The right of public authorities to submit applications, may be prohibited under any circumstances, be waived or limited.

Article 33 The resistance to oppression is the consequence of other human rights.

Article 34 suppression of the whole of society is, even if only one of its members is suppressed; Suppression of each element is when the whole of society is suppressed.

Article 35 When the government violates the rights of the people, for the people, and every part of the people of the uprising, the most sacred of his rights and the most indispensable of his duties.