Delftware

Delftware, or Delft is a aardewerk decor loose or painted by hand ( zinnlasierte ) ceramic, which was produced in Delft. During the 19th century, the Zinnlasur opens the way for white ausbrennende ceramic, which is the traditional ornaments now also printable. Delft aardewerk is valued worldwide as a national product and has the same high priority as the old - Dutch painting of the 17th century.

History

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Verenigde Oost -Indische Compagnie (VOC ) began well organized to import Chinese porcelain in large quantities. Immediately they began to imitate these exotic-looking models in various cities in the Netherlands. Succeeded first in Delft, to invent a replacement made ​​of high quality ceramic zinnlasierter that came very close to the appearance of porcelain. Due to the large demand for the " Dutch porcelain", this branch became an important pillar of the economy Delft. Aardewerk 1625, a few years after the invention of Delft, put all eight distilleries to present dishes on its production. The number should increase to 31 to the explosive 1675. From the enormous production of several million pieces per year resulted in a sales territory which extended up to Curaçao and Boston. In addition to the competition between Chinese and European porcelain set the import of the harder and cheaper english cream ware from the mid-18th century's greatest threat dar. The decline set in, and there were 24 active distilleries in the year 1750 to 1800 only 10 Today only De Porceleyne Fles in operation. Nevertheless, the popularity of Delft has reached a new peak rood.

The Delft dish baker had huge success with their imitations of Chinese porcelain, their similar size and look the goods they produced an unrivaled low price. In one of the six chambers of the VOC in Delft as a template was much porcelain in stock. With the closure of breweries within the city, many buildings were operating freely, which could relate the plate baker.

Ceramic grades

Utilitarian pottery with lead glaze

Ceramics for household use is covered with a lead glaze for centuries. Clogged metal oxides are inking. For relief decorations you used stamp or matrices. In Friesland, the notch cutting technique was very popular.

Use with ceramic Zinnlasur

Zinnlasur is a white, opaque glaze. In the Netherlands, this utilitarian pottery was made with paint on a white background from the late 16th century. Use with ceramic Zinnlasur must be distinguished from majolica and faience. Both types were in the Netherlands, also called Plateel, which is the original name for a flat dinner plate.

Majolica

Majolica is known in the Netherlands made ​​use of ceramic with Zinnlasur, also known as " geleidersgoed ". The front is covered with Zinnlasur, the back with a lead glaze. In the kilns of this type of majolica was stacked on Proenen, refractory bricks to prevent blocking seizure. The procedure always left damage to the front.

After the fall of Antwerp in 1585, many Majolikabrenner in the northern Netherlands settled. Your colorful assortment consisted inter alia of pudding bowls, dishes, pots and pharmacist syrup cans. The massive import of Chinese porcelain from 1600 and the development of the Delft Aardewerk had great lasting impact on the Dutch majolica. Nevertheless, it was produced until well into the 19th century majolica.

Sometimes majolica is ( j ) also erroneously used to refer to English utilitarian pottery with lead glaze from the 19th century in Neo -Renaissance style.

Demarcation from china

In Delft ceramics is not porcelain, for the production of porcelain is kaolin necessary. Since there was not that in the Netherlands, no porcelain could be manufactured there. The Delft dish baker called themselves particularly in the 16th century itself porceleybakkers, but did not know the difference between ceramic and porcelain. You was Chinese porcelain known, but they could not make it, this was achieved in Europe until 1708 by Johann Friedrich Böttger and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. Distinguish can be ceramic and porcelain at the focal ring that is not glazed, mostly circular footprint on the bottom: if it appears slightly porous ceramic, porcelain fixed with and without pores.