Denis Papin

Denis Papin ( born August 22, 1647 Chitenay, France, † probably in 1712 in London), a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, who notoriety for his pioneering work on the development of the steam engine, the pressure cooker and the submarine was obtained. Papin, who was Calvinist denomination, left because of the persecutions of Protestants 1675 France and was then in England and Germany, where he developed his most patents from 1687 to 1707 as a professor at the University of Marburg.

Life

Papin was born into a middle-class family in a small village in the county of Blois. Although Calvinistic confession he visited the nearby Jesuit school and then studied from 1661 at the University of Angers in 1669 where he earned his doctorate. During his studies, he developed a strong interest in physical problems.

1671 Papin was assistant to Christiaan Huygens in Paris. There, they worked to develop a machine that would make the forces of fire, steam and vacuum advantage. In Paris Papin also learned about the same age Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, with whom he corresponded life. Already before the experiments Papin, Otto von Guericke in 1663 dealt with experiments on pneumatics, but could publish their results until 1672.

As in France saw exposed intensification of the repression the Huguenots went Papin in 1675 to London and became an employee of Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke 1679 Wizard. In 1679 he invented the cooking at elevated vapor pressure. For this purpose he constructed a steam pressure cooker Papinschen the pot, which burst at the first appearance before the Royal Society. Only after Papin had also invented the safety valve, worked his cooking pot securely and received in 1681 in Paris, the patent specification.

1681 rose Papin head of the experimental department at the publication accademia di scienze in Venice and in 1684 an employee of the Royal Society, whose chairman was Robert Boyle. The French Huguenots Papin was to return to France denied after Louis XIV had revoked the Edict of Nantes (freedom of religion for Protestants ). During this period, Papin worked in Venice also to steam cannons.

In 1687 Papin took up an appointment at the University of Marburg in the country county of Hesse, one of the few Calvinist territories on German soil, to the chair of mathematics. In 1690 he reported a steam engine, which he had built. It was essentially a cylinder in which a little water and a flask were. If the cylinder was alternately heated and cooled from the outside, moving around the piston and provided useful mechanical work. It was the first working heat engine.

In the French community of Huguenots Papin was one of the church elders. For seating arrangements in the community he came 1691 into a heated argument with the preacher Thomas Gautier, who also taught at the university. When he also accused Gautier misappropriation of funds arms, he was relieved of his duties and Oldest excluded from the Lord's Supper.

Papin developed in 1692 an underwater vehicle and led the first trip in it self through. In 1696 he was appointed at the Landgrave of Hesse -Kassel and worked on the technical requirements for the fountains in the mountain park William height in Kassel. During this time, Thomas Savery in England received the first patent for a steam -pressure pump, although not prevailed.

Papin'sche steam pressure pump replica in Astronomy and Physics Cabinet Kassel

Papin'scher pressure pot for home use with pressure relief valve

Drawings for a submarine ( 1695)

Papin remained at first in Kassel and built about 1706 in the Kurhessische ironworks Veckerhagen the first steam cylinder. From this he developed a steam -pressure pump, which should be in the park William height deliver the water. The pump worked only briefly, since the connections and seals are not kept inside and the valves leaked. In addition, made ​​of lead pipes held not withstand the pressure.

In order to return to London, Papin built 1707 driven by its steam cylinder and muscle strength Schaufelradboot and wanted to run it on Fulda and Weser from Kassel to Munden. The Schaufelradboot but was destroyed in the dispute over Passierrechte of the Mündener Schiffergilde and he came without his invention in the same year again to London, but where he could not get more distance.

The last sign of life Papin is a payment certified by the Royal Society on April 5, 1712; He probably died in the same year. In a letter dated October 24, 1715 reported the German mathematician Lothar Zumbach of Koesfeld ( 1661-1727 ) to Leibniz, Papin died in England in great poverty, with Zumbach relied on an English informant.

1712, in the alleged death of Denis Papin year, Thomas Newcomen built an atmospheric piston steam engine that was able to win the first heat engine on the market. It was replaced by the 1769 James Watt's patented steam engines.

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