Diaporthales
Apiognomonia errabunda on a leaf
The Diaporthales are an order of Ascomycota. The species are predominantly associated with plants. Examples include the chestnut blight ( Cryphonectria parasitica ) or the anthracnose of dogwood Discula destructiva.
Features
The system is characterized by black perithecia. These can stand together to several and be sunk in a stroma or directly in the substrate. It lacks true paraphyses at maturity. The unitunicaten asci are free to maturity and often have a conspicuous Apikalring. The ascospores can be colorless to black, septate ellipsoidal to oblong, simple or more times.
The known anamorphs are Coelomyceten as Cytospora in Valsa teleomorphs, Phomopsis in Diaporthe. The pycnidia are formed phialidic. Often, the pycnidia are formed on the same stroma as the fruit body.
Ecology
In addition to many Saprobionten there are also some parasites, such as the chestnut blight, the Oak Leaf scald ( Apiognomia quercina ), the plane tree leaf blight ( Apiognomia veneta ) or the Eschenanthraknose ( Gnomoniella fraxinii ). Various Cytospora species, the anamorph of the genus Valsa, produce disease in eucalyptus.
System
The Diaporthales are a well -supported by studies monophyletic unit. They include 94 genera with about 500 species. To order the following families are counted ( with selected genera and species ):
- Cryphonectriaceae with eight genera Cryphonectria Chestnut blight ( Cryphonectria parasitica )
- Anisogramma
- Togninia
- Leucostoma
- Valsa
- Valsella
Furthermore, lead Lumbsch and Chicken Village ( 2007), 21 genera, which are not assigned to any family.