Die Horen (Schiller)

The Horen, published monthly in the Cotta publishing house in Tübingen. Through the participation of leading representatives of culture in Germany they are considered as foundation elements of Weimar Classicism and had great influence on the German intellectual history.

History

1794 planned the publisher Johann Friedrich Cotta a political newspaper. But Schiller, in the consideration of the events of the French Revolution, the policy had become increasingly alien, wanted a journal for citizens of the world, the philosophy and the arts should be dedicated. Schiller and Cotta agreed on two projects: first, a political magazine, " European Annals ", which has been called " Allgemeine Zeitung " the most important newspaper of the 19th century, although Schiller had retired after a short time.

On the other hand, the Treaty on the Hours was signed. As an employee Schiller could not only Goethe, but also Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Wilhelm von Humboldt and Karl Ludwig von Woltmann and win others. 1797, the publication has ceased, but remained the Hours, the model for sophisticated magazine projects. Not seldom found in journals comparisons or allusions to Schiller's journal.

In 1795 the newspaper was first published in Goethe's fairy tale.

Announcement " The Hours "

In his announcement to the journal " The Hours ", which appeared in 1794, Friedrich Schiller explains the intentions, which he followed with his next magazine. He attempted only by a deliberate elimination of the typical well for this time topics such as the social and political situation, (quote: "entertainment they should be dedicated ... In the midst of this political turmoil it is for Muses and Graces include a close, confidential circle ... to gain " ) attention to return then the described issue of his magazine adapted into society. Schiller describes the society than what it is in principle completely, of course, an organ of the mass in which he admits his journal a special status because they would finally reflect on traditional ideals, the higher interests, which is purely human beyond doubt. The magazine should devote the reader pure passion free entertainment without compromising the current issues, to address the current political or worldly situation. Especially want to remove from reality Schiller, however, still does not, he will try to discuss the past through the story, which is quite typical of the Enlightenment as subject matter, and what is to come on the basis of philosophy, to bring the true humanity to light. The presence neglected Schiller with intent to deliberately go to a meinungsstreiterischen dialog out of the way. Schiller believes that if people present in the ( ancient ) philosophy and history ideals remember, this automatically brings a change in the society. So Schiller has the intention to give the reader more accessible to these ideals, conduct away from him the thought of the mass, and to focus the interest on his own situation as an individual in society. ( Quote: ". , But the more is the limited interest of the presence of the minds in suspense, concentrated and subjugated ..., the greater the need is to put them back in Freedom" ) Schiller want to see only make this change to building on this society, to allow as scientific and political revolutions. Here Schiller trying to represent the magazine as the union of the "beautiful " and the learned world, so to connect the "normal" audience as well as the science, so he tries the art and science in a " circle". Quite clearly, is that the magazine would be clearly distinguishable from topics that might interest alone individuals.

Meaning of the name

The Hours are as daughters of Zeus and Themis figures of Greek mythology. They are the goddesses of the seasons, of beauty and order. Well- mindedness they watch over the work of man and guard, as Homer says in the Iliad, the gates of heaven, by it on or off - advance the dense clouds with thunder roar. Goethe with his Propylaea and just as the Romantics with their journal Athenaeum are not only programmatically, but also in the mythological tradition of Schiller's Horen. Goethe already leads the title of his journal, the audience through the guarded gate in the entrance hall of the sanctuary. The magazine Atheneum finally shows with his name, that it understands the Greek temple itself as the versammelnde moment.

On the front page of Kleist Phoebus (1808 ) Apollo trolley is headed by the Horen.

The assumption of a reference to this same image is near when Goethe in his Faust II writes: Hearken! listens to the storm of the Hours! / photochromic is born of Humanities ears / Even the new day. / rock gates creak rattling / Phoebus ' wheels roll crackling / noise Welch brings the light!

The quarterly in Hanover since 1955 literary magazine " The Hours " by Kurt Morawietz leans against the title to the real thing.

Reasons for publishing

When publishing played for Friedrich Schiller in addition to the ideal certainly also economic reasons play a role. The poet wanted and finally had to create a secure annual income. Goethe then earned ten times as much as he did. Ideal goal of this ambitious project was now unite the cultural nation of Germany that had no capital by a main magazine and intellectual centralization. The great writers of the time and the comprehensive total audience should make those cultural nation. Schiller dreamed of a cultural association of the Germans in a literary association.

Programmatic demands and consequences

The magazine saw himself as an open union of the beautiful and learned world, who wanted to reach both the lay public educated as well as the academics. The Horen joined the fine arts and the sciences in a process of mutual education. In the magazine were found only contributions that were of general interest and offered more than mere entertainment. Were avoided contributions that could divide the audience, or even tear the cultural nation. This political and religious topics were largely taboo, as they would otherwise have been taken up by the journals.

Add to Horen there were many contributions in the field of history, and future developments in philosophy have been actively discussed, the present, however, was left out, as already mentioned above. Because it was feared that the time history would bear the image of the party spirit unclean (impure = disorder, particularism ) in a world where purity ( = impartiality ) was considered law. Although not addressed specifically to political issues, the magazine contained anti-revolutionary accents resulting from the task to promote the " true humanity " were.

Historical Philosophical Ideal

Dream of refined humanity and pure humanism. The high value of art is to bring together as a mediator of the truth and beauty of the shape and the internal content (concept of aesthetic education ).

Humanity philosophy

Freedom from political and ideational space in the sign of truth and beauty; "Freedom from political to aesthetic concept ".

Napoleon once said: " Politics is the fate of themselves " The Hours in turn are the " world order -preserving flows from the all the best ." As goddesses they are anti- revolutionary and full of beautiful humanity. But shows up in them escape the ghost from the temporal to the temporal order as a mortgage on the German classical.

Swell

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