Dieterich Buxtehude
Dieterich Buxtehude (c. 1637 probably in Helsingborg; † May 9, 1707 in Lübeck ) was a Danish- German organist and composer of the Baroque. In his first name and the shape Dietrich is common.
Life
Dieterich Buxtehude (Danish Diderik Buxtehude ) was born about 1637, the son of originating from old RST in Holstein organist Buxtehude Johann (Hans Jenssen Buxtehude, 1602-1674 ) and Bright Jaspersdatters, probably in the then Danish Helsingborg. Earlier assumptions that he was born in Bad Oldesloe, can not be excluded, are currently in research but less probable. 1641 his father was organist at the St. Olav's Church demonstrably in Elsinore. There Dieterich Buxtehude probably graduated from the Latin School.
As an organist he worked since 1657 at the Marienkirche in Helsingborg, from 1660 to 1668 at St. Mary's Church (also German church) in Helsingør. On April 11, 1668 he succeeded Franz Tunder at St. Mary's in Lübeck, whose youngest daughter Anna Margaretha he married on 3 August of the same year; there he took over as " Werckmeister " also administrative duties and accounting. He continued, founded by his father in law, since 1673 Abendmusiken said series adventlicher spiritual concerts, also known him as a composer and virtuoso organist and made famous. Already in 1669 left the church warden of St Mary's side balconies mount, which made it possible to play music from there, together with the great organ.
1705 Johann Sebastian Bach put more than 400 miles from Arnstadt ( Thuringia) to Lübeck on foot to hear his musical role model Buxtehude, and probably took lessons from him. Staying in Lübeck meant for Bach so much that he arbitrarily lengthened considerably these " educational leave ". However, Bach seems to have no interest for the successor to the aging organists, unlike George Frideric Handel and Johann Mattheson, who moved this post into consideration. Buxtehude's successor was finally Johann Christian Slater, who married his daughter Anna Margareta.
Dieterich Buxtehude is the most famous representative of the North German organ school. His most famous student was Nicolaus Bruhns.
Buxtehude died in 1707 and was buried in the Lübeck Marienkirche in the vicinity of the so-called " Totentanz organ ". In 1942, the bombing tomb was destroyed. At its 250th anniversary in 1957 was brought to his grave site on a new plaque.
From Buxtehude no clearly identifying him portrait is known. Since the rediscovery of the Domestic music scene of the Flemish painter Johannes Voorhout 1674 it has variously been attempts to identify in Buxtehude. 2008 in the city of Lübeck library a portrait of Johann Theile has been discovered that this excludes as the viola da gamba player. This makes it more likely that Buxtehude is the viol player in the music scene. This takes up his instrument the tones D and B, Buxtehude's initials.
Works
As a composer Buxtehude created an extensive body of work. Among his secular works prevail trio sonatas and piano works.
At spiritual music he created many organ works, several of them are in their character not liturgical, but in concert, others are suitable as pre-or sequel to worship as for concert performance.
More extensive than the organ works of Buxtehude 's vocal works. The oratorio- like " musical evenings " with which begins the history of the ecclesiastical and public concerts in Germany, and cantatas, which are suitable according to the custom of that time more for the service, determine that part of his work. The Abendmusiken passed in Lübeck until 1810 and 1926 were due back.
In his cantatas Buxtehude uses three different types of texts, which correspond to each tailored to the type of text composition techniques. The first one, the biblical texts, the Book of Psalms are mostly removed and set to music in the form of Concerti in a change from solo and tutti. The composition technique takes into account the structure of the text and is often provided with an introductory sonata. The second text genre fulfilled considered liturgical function of the response chant that react with the believers to the previously heard word of God. Here are the cantatas of Buxtehude German chorales, which are set to music in Concertotechnik as a homophonic or polyphonic singing. The third type of text form Bible Commentaries, mehrstrophige poems, which have been mostly processed compositionally in aria form. This third form reflects the important in the movement of pietism inner appropriation of the word of God by the believing soul.
Dieterich Buxtehude's works are cataloged in Buxtehude - Werke-Verzeichnis ( BuxWV ).
135 vocal works ( BuxWV 1-135 ):
- More than 100 cantatas and Spiritual Concerts
- Passion cycle " membranes Jesus nostri " ( BuxWV 75)
- A Missa brevis ( BuxWV 114)
- Some oratorios (mostly not preserved)
89 organ works ( BuxWV 136-225 ):
- 42 free ( toccatas, preludes, fugues, odes and Ostinatowerke )
- 47 chorale works
26 Harpsichord works ( BuxWV 226-251 ):
- 20 suites
- 6 variations of works
24 Works for Strings and Basso continuo ( BuxWV 252-275 )
Writings
- Castrum Doloris - Templum Honoris. The Extraordinairen Abendmusiken, Lübeck 1705. Facsimile Lübeck 2002. ISBN 3-933652-14-6
Tradition Care
For the memory of Buxtehude and his work, Hans Henny Jahnn (1894-1959) began. The Lübeck St. -Annen - Museum honored the composer on the occasion of Lübeck Buxtehude - 2007 with a comprehensive exhibition. As part of this festival year found numerous concerts with internationally renowned musicians. The circle of friends and supporters of church music at St. Marien Lübeck eV and founded in Lübeck on 8 May 2004 International Dieterich Buxtehude Society sent regularly from the European Buxtehude festival, whose program in addition to the performances of early music and contemporary compositions also includes readings.