Dilleniaceae

Dillenia reifferscheidia

The rose apple plants ( Dilleniaceae ) are a family of plants within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). They come from the tropics over the subtropics prior to the hot temperate zones.

Description

The taxa of Dilleniaceae family are highly variable in most of the features:

Appearance and leaves

There are usually large deciduous woody plants: trees, shrubs or lianas, rarely are perennial herbaceous plants ( Acrotema ).

Usually the leaves are fully formed, in some species, but they are greatly reduced. In some species the leaves are only in a basal rosette, in most species but they are distributed to the branches, where they are located mostly alternate and spiral, rarely opposite ( Hibbertia coriacea ) on the branches. The stalked leaves are usually simple and often lobed. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. The winged stipules are fused with the petioles or they are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers appear singly or grouped in terminal zymösen or racemose inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic to radial symmetry and are usually fünfzählig. There are usually five ( 3 to 20, more than 14 at Tetracera ) free sepals. The (two to ) five most free, white or yellow petals can be divided into two parts. There are usually 15 to 150 (centrifugal increased ), rarely one to ten, free or deformed stamens present, they are either all fertile or partially sterile. Usually two to seven (one to 20) carpels are usually free or fused into a syncarp superior ovaries. In each flower there are so many style such as carpels.

Fruit and seeds

As fruits follicles or nut fruits, rare fruit capsules or berries are usually formed. The fruits are often still surrounded by the calyx. Follicles and nut fruits are usually summarized in collecting fruits. The fruits contain one to many seeds. The seeds often have an aril.

System

The Dilleniaceae family was, panel 73 placed 1806/7 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in The Paradisus Londinensis, sub. Type genus is Dillenia L. Synonyms for Dilleniaceae Salisb. are: Delimaceae Martius, Hibbertiaceae J.Agardh, Soramiaceae Martynov.

The Dilleniaceae have no stable position within the Kerneudikotyledonen. Therefore, they are currently allocated to any order.

The Dilleniaceae family is divided into four subfamilies, containing about twelve genera with 300-410 species:

  • Subfamily Doliocarpoideae JWHorn: with about five genera and about 65 species: Curatella Loefl. Using the single species: Curatella americana L.: This shrub or tree is widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc. It is widespread in the Neotropics. It is a liana.
  • Acrotrema Jack: 9 to 14 species, of which about 7 in Sri Lanka, one in the Western Ghats in India, one with wide distribution in Southeast Asia.
  • Didesmandra Stapf: the only kind: Didesmandra aspera Stapf: An endemic in Sarawak.
  • Hibbertia Andrews ( Syn: Adrastaea DC, Trimorphandra Brongn & Gris, Trisema Hook f. .. ) With about 225 species, only a few of Madagascar ( sort of) on New Guinea (two species), Australia ( 200 species ), New Caledonia ( 24 species ) to Fiji ( sort of). The main distribution area is located in western Australia. Some species, such as gold wine ( Hibbertia scandens ), are ornamental plants.
  • Tetracera L. (syn.: Delima L. ) with about 40 to 50 species. They are evergreen shrubs or lianas. They have a pantropical distribution and reach into the hot temperate zones; the center of biodiversity is the Neotropics.
  • Neodillenia Aymard: A genus described in 1997 with about three species in the Amazon region.

Swell

  • The order of Dilleniales in APWebsite. ( Section systematics)
  • The Dilleniaceae at DELTA family of L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • Neotropical Dilleniaceae Neotropikey at Kew. ( Description section )
  • Leslie Watson: Dilleniaceae in the Western Australian flora. ( Description section )
  • Zhixiang Zhang, Klaus Kubitzki: Dilleniaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1, pp. 331 ( section description).
  • Abedin Sultanul: Flora of West Pakistan 42: Dilleniaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1973, p 1-4 (online). ( Description section ).
Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Berry Mascarene Islands Malesia Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Agricultural Research Service
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