Dilution (equation)

As a diluent is the process of thinning, that is the addition of a solvent to form a solution. The volume of the solution rises, decreases the concentration of dissolved substances in it. Also the result, the diluted solution or dilution is dilution in which pharmacy (in Latin, abbreviated dil. ) Dilutus called. Also called a solvent for paints and varnishes dilution. The term is sometimes incorrectly applied to a reduction of the viscosity is used (as opposed to, thickening 'or' thickening ') or exclusively for additions of liquids. It should be noted that a dilution of the concentration is performed by adding a solid or gel-forming substances such as a soup, it is diluted by the addition of salt, spices or thickening agents ( as a gelling agent of biological origin ), even if the viscosity rises.

Several dilutions of the same starting solution are referred to as dilution series. Dilutions of pathogens, antigens or antibodies are sometimes referred to as the titer. Restoring an original concentration of lyophilized samples is called reconstitution. Separation of the replicable particle such as cells or viruses is used, inter alia, the limiting dilution cloning.

Principle

Since the amount n of a solute at a dilution remains constant applies - with the proviso that the concentration of the solute in the diluent is zero - that the amount of substance remain constant:

The amount of substance can be replaced by the product of the concentration and the volume V c of a solute,

From which it follows:

The index 1 denotes the initial state, the index 2 to the final state. Contains the diluent to the diluent substance is also so, however, the mixture of the cross is used.

Examples

A dilution of 1:100, for example, means that 1 ml of a substance can be filled with solvent to a final volume of 100 ml. The final concentration drops to one-hundredth of the initial concentration. Therefore it is referred to as a mixture of 99 parts by volume ( 99 1 mixture ). The Latin prefix "ad" ( to ' ) before a specified volume refers to the final volume of dilution.