Direct-controlled municipality

As a municipality, a municipal administrative structure is referred to, which was introduced since the beginning of the 19th century and outside of France, especially in Switzerland and the French under Napoleon Bonaparte ruled areas of Germany.

Germany

The municipalities in the Grand Duchy of Berg were under the Provincial Council. After a decree of Napoleon of 13 October 1807, former parishes were merged in the Grand Duchy to municipalities under the direction of a Munizipaldirektors. This had two aldermen and 15 municipal councils to the side. The municipal councils were selected from the landowners, farmers, manufacturers and merchants, who were respected by their concern for the welfare of citizens. The size of the municipality should be 2500-5000 inhabitants, but was not strictly adhered to, thanks to developed spatial structures or too far away in the countryside. Follow the form of the municipality was the Mairie ( mayor ).

Switzerland

With the introduction of the Helvetic Republic in 1798, the modern political community, also known as " municipality " is introduced, which evolved gradually to exist today form the community. Before this time, mainly existed usage and citizen communities, which were based on a personal membership, and possessed in the long-established privileges. The General Assembly of all active citizens of a community for the community reform appoints a local authority, which is called " municipality " after the model in France. The tasks of the municipality include police, civil status and certifications. The municipality is controlled by the administrative chamber of the respective canton.