Diving cylinder
The compressed air bottle (even compressed air cylinder ) is a reservoir for compressed air. Another application is used use as a breathing gas reservoir or as energy storage and expansion tank for technical equipment and mash Ninen.
- 2.1 Cylinder Connections
Uses
In the industrial and commercial enterprises compressors will be used to direct compressed air. Where this is not possible, or when large amounts are required in a short time, for example during tempering of large internal combustion engines (diesel / gas turbine) air cylinders may be used.
In addition, compressed air bottles are a part of compressed air diving equipment for divers and self-contained breathing apparatus for fire and many other users. Special breathing gas mixtures, stored and transported in compressed air bottles. These are called, even though it is the same tank, nitrox, oxygen or Trimix bottle, depending on the content.
The compressed air cylinder consisting of a pressure vessel made of steel, aluminum or a Kompositverbund, a thinner steel inner body, which is reinforced with fiber -reinforced plastic.
Compressed air bottle for breathing apparatus
The body of the bottle of compressed air bottle for breathing devices have a kleinkonisches (deprecated) or cylindrical bottles thread in which the shutoff valve is screwed. Kleinkonische the thread is sealed with Teflon tape, said cylindrical with an O- ring. At this cut-off valve turn the regulator or a bridge for connecting several compressed air bottles is screwed. These valves are used in different versions:
- As a single valve for a regulator
- Than double valve with a second connection for a spare regulator ( octopus )
- A valve bridge for the connection of the two control bottles into a package.
The respiratory gas is at a full bottle at a pressure of 200 bar There are also special pressure vessels, which are filled to 300 bar. They have another, longer thread, but which asserts itself more and more as standard in Europe. In addition, 300 bar controller are downward compatible to 200 bar devices.
When the fire department and the THW units of two 4 -liter bottles (200 bar ) or a 6- liter bottle or 6.8 liter bottle (300 bar ) can be used. The twin cylinders devices with 4- liter bottles, however, are outdated in the meantime and be replaced by the newer 6 -liter units or 6.8 -liter units. It should be noted that the 6 -liter bottles are made of steel as well as the 4 -liter bottles and therefore, while dated, but still popular in applications where a high mechanical load can not be excluded, then. They are considered more robust than the new Kompositflaschen. Meanwhile, 9-liter Kompositflaschen offered by the manufacturers. This 9-liter bottles are about 50mm higher and thicker than the usual 6.8 - liter bottles. They can be used in the conventional respirators instead of the 6.8 -liter bottle.
When divers have 10 - and enforced 12 - liter bottles. Are also smaller or larger, for example, bottles with 15 liters available. Likewise, double bottles are used.
Other Uses
In addition to the uses mentioned above, compressed air bottles are also used in the sport of paintball and for filling Sinkkastenschnellverschlüssen, Kanalabsperrblasen and lifting bags. In the sport of paintball, they serve to operate the marker. These bottles hold generally between 0.8 L and 1.1 L and be filled with 200 to 300 bar.
To start marine engines bottles of several hundred liters volume and a pressure of up to 250 bar are quite common. These are then permanently installed.
Falsely labeled as oxygen bottle
It is often mistakenly spoken in connection with the scuba oxygen bottles when compressed air bottles are meant. Use divers usually no oxygen bottles under water. Breathing pure oxygen is toxic from a diving depth of more than 6 meters, as would be available from this depth, the partial pressure of oxygen above the critical limit of 1.6 bar. This would result in oxygen toxicity. When technical diving but pure oxygen is breathed in 6 m depth for a limited time as a decompression gas.
Oxygen bottles are, however, regularly used in medicine and rescue services to the breathing gas - about injured - to enrich with oxygen via an oral or nasal mask. Also pure oxygen, but with significantly reduced ambient pressure is in the bumpy Hochgebirgsbergsteigerei used at high balloon ascents and space travel. The Gemini and Apollo space capsules had a pure oxygen atmosphere, the one led to the fatal fire of Apollo ( under atmospheric pressure on Earth ). Today is only used for a spacewalk in the space suit for reasons of mobility pure oxygen under strongly reduced pressure. Before using the ISS astronaut breathes a "night" oxygen to nitrogen range before surfacing (similar to the decompression of a diver ).
Regulations, standardization and legislation
Depending on the gas used, the compressed air bottle and may be characterized by hazardous goods label, indicating the gas mixture used. This label is applied to the bottle shoulder. As color coding for compressed air, according to EN 1089-3 additional shoulder at either a light green or a white technical compressed air bottles with a black ring shoulder, which overlaps the lower half of the bottle neck when pressure air for breathing purposes. The cylindrical body of the bottle can be colored freely. Enforced has this scheme but to date not. For example, fire departments continue to obtain compressed air bottles with yellow-black - white shoulders. The only authentic remains of the dangerous goods label.
For safety during storage and transport a valve protection is required in the commercial sector, such as vented valve protection caps. This is regulated by the European Convention on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR ) in Europe and the Dangerous Goods Ordinance Road, rail and inland waterways ( inland navigation ) in Germany. In Austria, the Highway Code, the CFG and the force driving the implementing Regulation in traffic is a major addition to the ADR. It should be noted that these laws and regulations for individuals in different countries may be binding. For transport in a private car is sometimes to pay attention only to the charge of security after the respective road traffic regulations, but sometimes also applies to the ADR.
According to § 15 ( 7) of the German Ordinance on Industrial Safety Diving equipment and respiratory protective equipment should be checked every 2.5 or 5 years, bottles out those checks no longer exist may no longer be filled.
Cylinder Connections
For technical applications, different ports are used, which must be approved by the respective Certification Authorities. Diving In principle, there are two common variants of the cylinder connection: International is the most common of the so-called INT connection. (English: A -clamp or yoke ) Although this port is standardized according to ISO 12209-3 or ISO 12209:2013, the origin of this abbreviation is unclear. Primarily in German-speaking and technical divers in accordance with DIN EN 144-2/3 and ISO 12209-2 standard, so-called DIN connector is very popular. In contrast to the INT terminal of the DIN connector for a cylinder pressure of 300 bar instead of 232 bar up to only suitable. Respiratory protective devices usually have a DIN connector.