Djado Plateau
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The plateau of Djado is a mountain plateau, which lies in the extreme northeastern part of the African country of Niger. The plateau covers an area of about 60,000 square kilometers and reaches altitudes of 400 to 1,000 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges of the Tibesti in the east, the Tassili n'Ajjer and Ahaggar in the northwest, the plateau Hammada Mangeni in the north and Tchigaï in the Northeast, the large sandy desert Ténéré in the southwest and Grand Erg You Bilma in the south and is one of the northern limits of the Chad basin.
The plateau of Djado is geologically mostly of carbonate-free sand and basalt stone, whose origin can be traced back to the era of the Cambrian and Mesozoic. The plateau built up in numerous escarpment is heavily karstified and is crossed by the Enneris Blaka, Achelouma, Domo, Yentas, Lobozédé, Tardijé and Odri Kolo Kaya, who have cut deep into the rock of the plateau. To the east of the plateau there are numerous basaltic glattgeschiffene Yardang formations that are surrounded by high Barchanen. On the wind-exposed roof areas of the plateau dominate under the present climatic conditions aeolian erosion processes. Due to the conditions prevailing in the region northeast trade, regionally called Harmattan, fine-grained unconsolidated material is transported from the roof areas in the flood plains of the plateau and there deposited, so that the great sand deserts could arise.
The climate in the region of the plateau is hyperarid with rainfall amounts of about 20 to 50 mm per year. The average daily temperatures in the region range from 25 ° C in December to 35 ° C in summer, with mid-day peaks of over 50 ° C. The vegetation is limited to areas with shallow groundwater leader rock formations that allow a sparse flora in the Enneris, and on which grouped the plateau oases, otherwise the plateau is free of vegetation.
The region around the plateau has a long history of settlement, they can be traced to the African Middle Stone Age traced. There were found in the Enneris of the plateau numerous artifacts, petroglyphs and rock paintings, whose age could be dated to a period 100000-2000 years. Today's settlements are confined to the oases Chirfa, Djaba, Orida, Seguedine and Yaba, which were summarized in the administrative structure of the rural community Djado. Ten kilometers northeast of Chirfa located since 2006 at the suggestion list of the Niger for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage list belonging ruins of the plateau Fortin et du Djado. The population in the oases consists mostly of members of the people of the Tubu.