DKW Munga

DKW Munga 6

The DKW Munga is a lightweight, all-wheel driven SUV, which was built by Auto Union in Ingolstadt between October 1956 and December 1968 in series. Around 46,700 vehicles produced in series left in three body styles the work; composed of a large number of CKD vehicles was produced. "

In other literature is also spoken by approximately 55,000 units; even taking into account the production numbers for those produced in Brazil Type " Candango " these figures are inflated. Munga is an acronym for " Multi-purpose Universal SUV with four wheel drive.

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 fate
  • 2.3 inventory
  • 2.4 variants
  • 2.5 Karosserievarianten
  • 3.1 Motor
  • 3.2 transmission
  • 3.3 axes
  • 3.4 Dimensions and loads / weights 3.4.1 Dimensions
  • 3.4.2 weight

History of development

Tender, testing and implementation

Among the best known German military vehicles in the so-called 0.25 -ton class belongs the SUV manufactured by Auto Union, which is known in the civil sector under the name Munga.

On January 19, 1953, the department Koblenz asked under the direction of Secretary of State Theodor Blank, who later became Minister of Defence, the Association of the Automotive Industry to information about which companies and able are interested the automotive industry to develop vehicle types and models for the German army and later if necessary to manufacture. After this request ran in the automotive industry on various projects for the development of appropriate vehicles.

Public funding for these tasks were not initially available .. Among other things, it has been desired (0.25 t) to have in the small class afford a light off-road jeep available; proven in World War II all-terrain motorcycle sidecars with Seitenradantrieb should not be introduced into the Bundeswehr. The Auto Union ( DKW ) applied because of previous experiences ( Horch Kubelwagen ) to the project in this payload class, followed by Borgward. Both came up with two-stroke engines - the DKW with a three- Goliath type 31 Borgward with a two cylinder. A prototype of the Porsche company came later with the Type 597 added as a competitor.

From the beginning the Auto Union accelerated this project, drove the development is progressing rapidly and drew on existing material from the car or van program. In September 1953, the first prototypes were presented.

In the further development work until 1955, the test vehicles were improved and adapted to military requirements.

After already starting in September 1953, the first handmade pattern were presented and first comparison tests were carried out, began in 1955, the extensive public comparative trials of the test candidates at the Federal School in Lübeck. At the IAA 1955 in Frankfurt, the SUV was first presented to the public and reviewed by Ludwig Erhard. For the first time the vehicle was shown in a dark green color variant.

The crucial comparison among German manufacturers took place from 2 January 1956. Eleven DKW SUV, twelve Goliath type 31 and six Porsche 597 were handed over to the Training Regiment in Andernach for comparative testing.

In the Defence Committee meeting on 13 April 1956 and the joint meeting of the defense and of the Budget Committee on May 7, 1956 order for 5,000 vehicles to the Auto Union and about 50 units of Porsche and Borg Ward ( Goliath ) was awarded. After further extensive testing of a decision on the future type in the ¼ -ton class should be like. In 1956, Auto Union used various events to showcase the SUV commercial appeal. Other positive reviews appeared. In the final discussion on the prototype idea of the manufacturer with the Federal Ministry of Defence in late June 1956, the car was finally removed.

The Federal Minister of Defence awarded according to the specifications from May 1956 at April 11, 1958 the test site of the Bundeswehr testing order for the vehicles DKW 0.25 t, Goliath hunting car with 2000 mm and 2100 mm wheelbase and Porsche SUV. In October 1958, came the follow-up order in the 0.25 - tonne class for Auto Union, which Borgward - in spite of the four-stroke engine 34 is now used in Goliath type - and Porsche finally threw out of the race. Granted this was the new defense minister, Franz Josef Strauss. He had taken a picture of the vehicle in the spring of 1958 itself.

Criticism and successor

Because of the low power at a relatively high weight, the limited transport capacity and frequent damage to the crankshaft bearings ( at the 1000 engines) was from 1965 for a successor to the truck 0,25 t. sought. As the successor was a tri-national to be developed, buoyant carriage of military 0,5 - ton class, the so-called European Jeep is provided. After this project had failed, a successor should be found in the national context. In February 1966 the Ministry of Defence DKW Munga was presented with an Audi engine. The testing took place from the summer of 1966. In parallel, since the end of 1963 trends for the six-cylinder two-stroke engine and a modified five -speed gearbox. In 1969 came as an interim solution to the " VW courier car". The VW 181 was produced from August 1969 also as a vehicle for civil needs and for the needs of other authorities. Ultimately, the Munga was replaced in 1977 by the developed on its base from Audi VW Iltis.

Use

Introduction

While a majority of the vehicles were delivered to the German Army from November 1956 further found in the police, at the Federal, the Technical Agency and the Air Protection Forum and foreign armed forces use. Over 2100 vehicles purchased alone the Dutch army, almost without exception, the type 4 On some vehicles, the Dutch army of manufacturing the vintage 1964 came to gearbox problems, which were attributed to manufacturing defects. The vehicles automatically switched from forward to reverse gear. In a series of delivery occurred in about 70 vehicles manufacturing errors on the shift fork on.

In addition, the SUV with the British and French occupation forces found both in the Federal Republic and in West Berlin use and was thus in Berlin until the beginning of the 1970s to everyday life .. Many vehicles were exported to the twelve -year production period and found buyers from South Africa to North America. Only a small proportion of vehicles produced was also private buyers in Germany, as well as occasional users in the German agricultural and forestry. The proportion of civilian buyers at home and abroad is around 10 % of the manufactured vehicle units.

Whereabouts

Since the mid- 1960s, the first vehicles were segregated from federal stocks and sold, and thus supplied to the civilian market, where they were used particularly in agriculture and forestry. Primarily it was crashed vehicles that had not yet undergone the first major repair. From the early 1970s vehicles from federal stocks were amplified discarded, as they now around 15 years were in use. This was true not only for the vehicles of the Bundeswehr, but also for the specimens contained in the police on duty. Also there separated the occupying powers from the vehicles. The out-wave from the authorities area ended almost without exception the mid- 1980s.

The custodian spare part stocks of the Bundeswehr were separated on VEBEG and nationwide, mostly sold in the 1980s in large single lots. The Dutch army sold the entire stock of spare parts after the separation of the vehicles.

Stock

From around 6000 private vehicles registered in 1986 resulted from 1 January 2012 still a backlog of about 1,000 vehicles. While the stock by about 5 per year so far - 10% decrease, a constant or even a minimal vehicle growth for the first time in 2010 to 2011 detected.

2007, there were 160 vehicles registered as trucks on German roads. According to the official registration statistics, the "rolling " vehicles are determined date just yet. Vehicle that are temporarily shut down, are no longer taken into account in the official counts. We have therefore less than 1000 Mungas approved in Germany; the number of vehicles of type 6 was on 1 January 2010 at 29 units. A few copies are permitted as tractors. However, the number of operated with red "07" marking vehicles is not detectable.

Larger vehicle inventories can be found in the Netherlands. Due to the use in the Dutch army and the separation phase at the beginning of the 80s, still well over 100 approved DKW result SUV in the private sector (as of 2013). In Austria there are still around 160 vehicles of the Munga admitted.

In Italy are currently still over 500 DKW Munga, almost exclusively Type 4 available. In the 70's substantial stocks were bought from Bundeswehr stocks and exported to Italy and are still being used by many hobbyists. The proportion of the remaining vehicles in South Africa in late 2013 moved at about 20 units.

Variants

Initially called the manufacturer to the car as " DKW SUV " or " DKW military vehicles " before he called " F 91/4 " received in 1955. Subsequent designations were "M- car ", " DKW 3 = 6 - terrain vehicle " or " DKW hunting car ". In the military version of the name was already since the end of 1955 throughout truck 0,25 t gl

The type 6, flatbed short, was mainly used in the private sector, mainly used in agriculture and forestry. As an extra option the customer could select the variant " special drive ". In addition to a drawbar, the buyer got a PTO PTO with various agricultural units from the factory or as an accessory. The drive took place over a hand throttle and rev the dashboard. A few vehicles were fitted during the production period with a centrifugal pump, a PTO compressor, a belt drive or a winch. According to Mark importance special prospectuses were issued.

Under the name " Bronco " DKW SUV was offered in the North American market. Sales were very modest. The official presentation of the vehicle was the first time at the Auto Show in Los Angeles was introduced in 1958. Munga a 4 with the 900 engine in the color " white police ".

Under the name Candango the type 4 was manufactured in similar design and furnishings at Vemag in Brazil.

Karosserievarianten

The Munga was from the end of 1956 as a four-seat pan structure of steel sheet ( only in the test phase, there were bodies made of plastic or aluminum) and later additionally for six or achtsitziger Pritschenaufbau available. The term therefore corresponds to the body style:

  • When building ( Munga 4)
  • Pritschenaufbau ( Munga 6)
  • Extended platform ( Munga 8)

These designations are not identical with the type designation F 91 / "x". Both for the Type 6 as well as for the type 8 were from different body corporate special bodies who were driven partly directly on the Auto Union.

One of the few plastic bodies from the Vorserienzeit could be determined by the community of interest MUNGA 2009. This test car from 1955, who was one of 11 vehicles in the testing in Andernach in use, was acquired through the mediation of the aforementioned syndicate 2010 by Audi and transferred to the company's historical archive collection. The Munga - interest group presented the oldest surviving MUNGA at the Techno - Classica in Essen in spring 2012. Info from February 22, 2012

Specifications

Motor

Initially, the engine produced 36 horsepower in series production of 40 hp from its DKW three cylinder two -stroke engine with 900 cc from the passenger car range has been installed. This engine was replaced in 1958 by the end of the " 1000 " engine with an output of 44 hp, so that the maximum speed depending on body variant up to 98 km / h increase. The lowest speed is continuous at crawling speed 3 km / h Only in the test vehicles until the summer of 1956 were engines with 36 or 38 hp in use. The crankshaft bearings of the 1000s led engine temporarily in practice increasingly to defects. At times, the Auto Union automatic fresh oil for the Munga was offered.

The NSU Motor Works Neckarsulm employed since 1960 with the Wankel engine and received by the Ministry of Defense asked the DKW Munga as a test vehicle available. May, 1966 journalists was presented at a demonstration in the Swabian Forest, a throttled to 80 hp rotary engine in Munga. It was preceded by numerous plant experiments with this model.

Transmission

The vehicle has, so that ten courses ( eight forward and two reverse gears ) are a mechanical gear -stage gearbox with gear available, and permanent all-wheel drive. The operated via a switch handle in the dashboard area countershaft reduced in each gear, the gear ratio. It may only be operated at low engine speed and used only in the reduced speed area. The gradeability of up to 70%, the fording depth is about 50 cm. Both the reverse and 1st gear are not synchronized, so that in practice, due to ignorance and lack of care resulted in transmission problems. Only in the test phase until the spring of 1956, the vehicles were equipped with a disconnectable wheel drive. This accounted for the benefit of the creeper gear (countershaft ) to prevent possible drive problems caused by incorrect operation.

Axes

Front - and rear axles have been designed to share the same relief logistics. Hence also came the rear axle via the tie rods steering rack.

Dimensions and loads / weights

In pre- 1953 to 1956, there were different hand-made vehicles because initially a comprehensive specification was not available or were in the course of sampling to create and modify detailed specifications. This results in different dimensions and the requirements for the payload or the total weight explain. Concrete specifications for series production were determined only in the spring of 1956.

In the literature, different dimensions and weights are sometimes listed, triggered for example by other mirror positions, abgeplante vehicles, other board equipment, ignoring the variant car / truck, transmission errors, etc., so among other things in: Agriculture in the Four Rings, Dt. Cars, off-roaders and SUVs and in the technical manuals of the Bundeswehr ( TDv2320 ), from which also errors in any further military literature result, such as defense and economy, but also AUDI - MUNGAS in firefighters Freak 2/2001, The Four Wheeler of the Army in Four - Wheel -Fun, issue 10 /1995.

For from late autumn series produced vehicles, the following data are obtained:

From the producer's technical documents, booth 1968, operating and instruction manual in Auto Union GmbH, WB 6744 ( 8J134 XXI) arise following dimensions for an unloaded, broken plantes, moving finished vehicles.

Weight

Depending on the authorization as cars or trucks, the curb weight figures differ considerably; they vary 1060-1315 kg. The total weight was, depending on the type of 1620-1885 kg. This results in a payload of around 400 to 700 kg.

For the three body styles in the following values ​​depending on the application ( truck / car military / civilian, ):

  • * Only individual test vehicles and special bodies

Military empty weight including driver and equipment ( military Empty weight - but without special Rüstsatzausführungen )

Electrical

While all vehicles in the Bundeswehr equipment and a majority of all so-called " government vehicles " were equipped with a 24 volt electrical system, was the production for the civilian market and export to the rule in the 12 - volt version with 160 -watt or 300 -watt alternator. Only on request and at an additional cost a stronger version was possible. Depending on the equipment were the vehicles due to or interference suppression ..

Further development

As part of the facelift from 1957 to end of 1968, much has been technically modified and improved. Manufacturer goal was to produce as many identical parts for all six body styles (including left-and right-hand drive ). However, due to change in legislation, such as road traffic licensing regulations, adapting the operating license, were to meet various regulatory requirements during the construction period. Example the installation of an anti-theft device in the "civil registration area" or retrofitting the hazard warning system in the civil and military sector in the Federal Republic of Germany .. Much of the development work is done in cooperation with the Bundeswehr. There are various so-called Rüstsatzvarianten designed, tested, approved and manufactured, for example, special signal ( blue lights and a siren ), fire extinguishing equipment, as well as airborne, medical set-up, weapons carrier, radio and Kreiselgerätrüstsatz. Other individual equipment options were especially developed by the German Army, for example, the cultivation of a mine detector.

Likewise were possibilities for accessories such as luggage rack on Type 4, further external jerry can, further outboard spare wheel, inboard spare wheel (especially in export versions ), driving school equipment for the armed forces, various trailer hitches, larger wheels and tires optimized, injection systems and sanitary Car types ( use of motor vehicle in the military as Behelfskrankenwagen - tested evacuation of injured from rough area ).

The buoyancy was considered, as the use of a 6-cylinder two-stroke engine with 70 PS ( 1966). Radio disturbance and engine improvements were made as well as a required personal security while flatbed.

Prices

The selling prices were for the German market from late 1956 to 1968, depending on the type, equipment, accessories and buyer county between 7800 and last DM 12500 DM The last new cars (production end of December 1968) were sold until March 1969.

Figures / movie history

In connection with the history of development, the introduction in the army and at the Federal and civil protection organizations of interested parties met again on the then later Minister of Defence Franz Josef Strauss.

Also worth mentioning are the former Economics Minister Ludwig Erhard, who for the Ingolstadt development just as interested and related as the former Bavarian Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner.

Various test and test vehicles were 1955 persons in public life left, eg Alwin Reemtsma.

In the spring of 1956, the DKW SUV was introduced to the Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek during his stay in the Federal Republic of Germany in the Auto Union plant Dusseldorf.

1959 went with the DKW Munga Ilse Thouret 17,000 km across Africa, from Tangier to Cape Town through the Sahara, Nigeria, Belgian Congo, Rhodesia to South Africa.

During a state visit by Queen Elizabeth II in West Berlin, May 1965 the parade was taken with a modified DKW Munga jeep.

End of the 1960s, the German TV - film was made 11 clock 20 of Herbert Reinecker, which aired as a three-piece suit. In this film, the actor Götz George sets a Munga 6 in scene

During the same period the German TV series by Förster Horn, who was with a Munga 4 in the Taunus was in use.

End of the 1970s, the British spy thriller was the needle. A converted Munga 8 with a flatbed platform was presented several times.

In other TV movies of the type of vehicle was used, as in the home movie pediatrician Dr. Frohlich with the singer and actor Roy Black, in the series Stargate, North Sea is Mordsee, Germany 1975 The super noses with Mike Krüger and Thomas Gottschalk, Germany, 1982.

The whereabouts of the TV vehicles, and the " Queens - car " despite elaborate research yet to be clarified.

Picture Gallery ( Munga )

Munga 4, built in 1963, 974 cc, 44 hp Type B - Civil protection - after the separation.

Munga 8, built in 1963, 974 cc, 44 hp vehicle of volunteer fire with DIY trailer chassis Munga 8

Munga 8, built in 1965, 974 cc, 44 hp Type B - Civil Defense, former vehicle of volunteer fire Münster / Westphalia - after the separation.

Munga Munga 4 hits 8, ex Bundeswehr vehicles

Munga 8, built in 1967, 974 cc, 44 hp Model A - Bundeswehr

Munga 6, 1965, civil works, in the rare variant with a drawbar, and PTO winch, museum car of AUDI AG, exhibition vehicle at the Techno Classica Essen 2014

Gallery art

Cutaway model DKW MUNGA gear

Cutaway model DKW MUNGA rear differential, variant for joint drive with cuffs

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