Donskoy Monastery
The Donskoi Monastery (Russian Донской монастырь ) is a major Orthodox stauropegiales monastery in Moscow. It was founded in 1591 and today, with its sacred buildings and an old cemetery an important monument dar.
It is located just south of the center of Moscow, near the Shukhov radio tower and Gorky Park.
- 2.1 tombs of prominent people
History
The design and construction
As a large number of Russian religious buildings from the early modern period - a prominent example is the Moscow St. Basil's Cathedral - owes its existence to a military victory of Russia and the Donskoi Monastery. In 1591 it was founded by Tsar Fyodor in gratitude for the recently acquired, almost loss-free victory in Moscow about the Crimean Tatar invaders. It was believed in Russia at that time, the victory was due to the originally worshiped mainly by the Don Cossacks Our Lady of the Don, whose icon was brought in 1380 the cited by the Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoi Muscovites the miracle of the victory over the Golden Horde, near the Don. Therefore, Fyodor decided as a token of thanks to the Virgin south of Moscow set up a church and let just consecrate on the icon of Our Lady of the Don. With the construction of this first church - today it is called the Donskoi Monastery Small Cathedral - started to the history of the monastery - has been named after the wonderful the God- mother - just like the two centuries before winning the Grand Duke. The little cathedral was completed in 1593.
Around 100 years after the construction of the Little cathedral was built in its vicinity now known as the Grand Cathedral of the Donskoi Monastery Church. At the same time, the monastery was enclosed by a still existing wall with twelve built towers. Already in the early 17th century made the monastery an important part in the monastic landscape of Tsar capital dar. to ceremonial processions on the occasion of the anniversary of the victory over the Tatars took there the Tsar part.
In the 18th century the Donskoi Monastery was already one of the richest of its kind in Russia. He owned and outside its territory numerous estates, including serfs. At this time, the architectural ensemble was extended by several buildings that are preserved to some extent today. In addition, the latest was at that time the cemetery on the grounds of the convent as distinguished burial place predominantly aristocratic people. Since 1745 was in the area of the monastery one of the first universities of Russia, the Slavic - Greek - Latin Academy, founded in 1687, a resident.
20th century and the present
Shortly after the October Revolution of 1917, the anti-religious set new rulers began to break off the monastery, this was partially used until the end of the 1920s as a monastery. 1922-1923 was held at the monastery of itself in opposition to the Communists Patriarch Tikhon under house arrest. In 1925 he died and was buried in the little monastery cathedral. After the monastery was closed and its buildings mostly misused.
In 1934 was built on the ancient monastery, a museum of architecture, in which, among other important architectural fragments in the 1930s in Moscow destroyed religious buildings were put up. For example, some of the sculptures ornaments of blown- 1931 Christ the Saviour Cathedral were transferred to the former Donskoi Monastery. Although the cathedral was rebuilt in 2000, the original sculptures are to this day in the Donskoi Monastery.
The church building of the Donskoi Monastery were all closed in the 1930s for religious services. From 1949, only the little cathedral was again used as a place of worship. On the southern part of the former monastery grounds, where at the beginning of the 20th century expansion areas for the monastery necropolis were established, there was a largely autonomous urn cemetery, which is known as the actual or the new Donskoi cemetery today. In its center was located until 1973, the first crematorium in Moscow, which also emerged from a conversion of a former monastery church.
Not until the early 1990s, the Donskoi Monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church was returned. Since 1991 it is used again as a monastery and church find in most of its churches instead.
Cemetery
The cemetery or the necropolis of Donskoy monastery was built the same time as the founding of a monastery and was mainly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a preferred burial place of the Moscow nobility, but also of many artists. This is even to this day large number of tombs of famous people as well as the Moscow standards today unusually large collection of old, valuable historical tombs in the monastery grounds to explain. Delimit From the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery Donskoy is the adjacent cemetery, which was used in Soviet times mainly for urn burials, as on his site for a long time the only Moscow crematorium had stood.
Tombs of prominent people
- Pyotr Baranovsky (1892-1984), architect and restorer
- Joseph Bové (1784-1834), architect
- Mikhail Cheraskow (1733-1807), poet
- Anton Denikin (1872-1947), commander of the White Army; was reburied here in 2005
- Ivan Dmitriev (1760-1837), writer
- Ivan Ilyin (1883-1954), philosopher; was reburied here in 2005
- Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841-1911), historian
- Vladimir Odojewski (1803-1869), writer and composer
- Vasily Perov (1834-1882), painter; was reburied in the 1950s here
- Vasily Pushkin (1766-1830), poet, uncle of Alexander Pushkin
- Darya " Saltytschicha " Saltykowa (1730-1801), serial killer
- Ivan Shmelev (1873-1950), writer; 2000 was reburied here
- Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847-1921), mathematician and aviation pioneer
- Vladimir Sollogub (1814-1882), writer
- Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), writer and Nobel Prize winner
- Alexander Sumarokov (1717-1777), poet
- Pyotr Chaadayev (1794-1856), philosopher