Door closer
A door closer causes the safe and automatic closing of a door; both the movement of the door leaf in the door frame as well as the falling of the latch of the door lock in the striking plate is ensured even with a slight headwind. Especially in the case of fire doors must be closed controlled - this there are a number of door closer systems that are designed specifically for use in preventive fire protection.
History
In August 1887, the Cologne Boedecker Otto founded a company specializing in door closers, which operated as a Sunday & Boedecker; his partner was the Berlin Hugo Sunday. The Cologne-based company recycled world, the idea of a door closer, an invention of the two founders. First and classic brand was the "Imperator ", which is attached today on doors in old buildings and will be repaired by the resident continues to address the founding company.
Scope
Door locking systems can be found in more and more households and public institutions and businesses. Reasons include the increased safety regulations and the increasing need for comfort in everyday life. Through the door closer closing of doors is automatic, without human intervention.
Product types
The closing of doors can be done firstly by piece and undamped door closers, eg definitions of animal gates. A reliable solution is represented by the use of so-called overhead door closers, which consist of two separate components. In the mounted on the door leaf overhead door closers, a distinction is more complex, but convincing in appearance and design door closer with guide rail of door closers with link arm. Unobtrusive are integrated door closers, which are incorporated fully into the door leaf. The slide rail is therefore only visible when the door is open. The system can be used for single and double-leaf doors and offers a variety of settings in the installed state. The mechanical elements may also be arranged at the bottom of the door and are then referred to as the bottom door closer.
Functionality
For simple door closers closing is done, for example by tilting of the door rotational axis by means of the belts or by the application of helical tracks on the door hinges. Both locking mechanisms utilize gravity, but are undamped and lead to unwanted noise when slam and often no safe closing. In damped door closers required for closing the door energy ( torque) stored when opened in a spring and released hydraulically damped again in the subsequent closing movement. The closing speed can be adjusted continuously in the rule of the attached valves. The aim of the aperiodic limiting case, because the door is then closed in a very short time and without overshoot.
One differentiates between Gleitschienentürschließern between the cam technology (CAM ) and the pinion technology. Both solutions meet the requirements and standards for barrier-free building that consistently demand an easy opening of doors. The already published and in the future legally binding norm DIN 18040 for barrier-free building defined for doors that must be necessarily equipped with door closers, a maximum opening torque of 47 Nm. High quality door closers meet these requirements and today go even one step further. You also meet the recommendation of the DIN 1104 Spec required, greatly decreasing opening torque of 40 % with a door opening angle of 2 ° - 60 °. This makes it easier, especially for children, the elderly and people with disabilities in public and private buildings, opening the door, thus increasing the comfort in use. The DIN Spec 1104 represents no standard is but a technical specification compared to the DIN standard is not binding in nature. Depending on user requirements, it is sensible to use electrical hold-open systems for permanent keeping open doors. So-called free-swing door closer with "free swing " function allow continued after opening an inspection of the door without additional effort, since the door closer is electrically in the prestressed state. In case of fire, this bias is solved in the door closer, thus ensuring a safe automatic closing of the door. To use the normally arrive at fire doors that are to be used as a "normal" doors, but must include safe in case of fire. They are therefore particularly suitable for hospitals, nursing homes and kindergartens.
Doors with requirements for fire or smoke protection must generally be self-closing. This can be achieved by suitable approved door closers. For double-leaf doors with requirements for fire or smoke protection a closing sequence control is required to ensure that first the inactive leaf is closed and then the active leaf. Only in this way, the required conclusion is guaranteed. Hydraulically controlled door closers for fire doors are tested and manufactured according to the standard DIN EN 1154, door closers with electrical hold additionally according to the standard DIN EN 1155 as well as door closer with closing sequence control in addition to DIN EN 1158.