Double-headed eagle
From a double-headed eagle is called when an eagle at least two separate heads, but usually even has two separate necks. No double eagle are two half- eagle on a split ( in the cleavage always remains the whole head, cf forms of the eagle )
Its tincture as an emblem can be done as with any eagle in all heraldic colors and metals.
The Coronation of the eagle heads of a double-headed eagle is represented in different ways: either everyone has their own head crown, or it floats a single crown on both heads. A combination of these two representations is possible (example: the Great Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire ). By depositing with a saint or halo per head of the double-headed eagle is upgraded in its meaning.
Long necked German double-headed eagle of the Middle Ages, just crowned: Ruhland
The coat of arms of the powiat Brzezinski shows two half eagle and no double eagle
- 3.1 National Coat of Arms
- 3.2 Miscellaneous
Interpretation
The eagle was known as " King of the Skies " and is in most cultures symbol of superior gods ( for Europe in particular Zeus and Jupiter ). Analog shows the Zweiköpfigkeit a dual principle of the rule, in particular " Emperor and King ", as the German - Roman emperor only after a second, sacred coronation was by the king to the emperor. Thus, the prominent position over the simple eagle is underlined. The interpretation of the double eagle as a symbol of another - of whatever kind - dual principle ( such as East -West, violence unit or parts of the empire ) is medieval heraldic not be justified (he's more in the sense of a rank similar to the Mehrflügeligkeit the Seraphim and Cherubim to see after Weyss about as "particularly prudent, vieräugiger Guardian "), but a much later - after Diem but all the more powerful and influential - Reclassification.
History
Early double eagle
The first known double-headed eagle dates back to the 23rd century BC from the ancient Babylonia. The double-headed eagle of Lagash as alleged " oldest coat of arms in the world" is the symbol of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. In the ancient Oriental carpet weaving the figures were repeated vice versa. For this style of carpet these opposing pairs of animals was taken as a decorative symmetrical patterns in other branches of art. By shortening resulting from them the two-headed animals. So also the double-headed eagle was created purely technical of two single-headed eagles - although the European heraldic tradition and recent research rejects the icon.
After Weyss the double eagle in many cultures has arisen independently, as in Tibet, Pakistan, as a double-headed Garuda in Ceylon, or in Peru.
The double-headed eagle is already widespread in Asia Minor 302 space as dynastic character since the 4th century, in the former Armenia (today's border between Syria and Turkey ) as a religious symbol. With the rulers of the Eastern Empire, he spreads over the Aegean Sea and South East Europe, and is a symbol in the confrontation with Islam.
The double-headed eagle came by oriental fabrics in the 11th century to Europe and was taken up in 1100 by the art. Some recommendations are use in the Romanesque sculpture in France.
The first double eagle seal appears in 1180 as a freely chosen personality of the Counts of Saarwerden.
The double-headed eagle as the Imperial Eagle
In the late Byzantine Empire, the double-headed eagle was common among emperors of the family of Palaiologos - of these eagles are derived probably all European imperial eagle from: The Byzantine double-headed eagle was the triple- crowned double-headed eagle, later with breastplate, showing the St. George. After 1453 and particularly detectable on Russian coat of arms.
From Byzantium took over the Russian Tsarist Empire as "the third Rome " - according to the " pagan " Rome and the Christian Constantine Opel - the double eagle in gold on a red background since 1487, but this derivation is quite controversial..
The Holy Roman Empire used the double-headed eagle in black on gold since the reign of Emperor Sigismund, the exact decision dated to the year 1433. Previously was the single-headed eagle as a symbol of imperial power. Nimbiert - "holy" as a symbol of - was already the single-headed eagle, the Double-headed remains.
Built in 1871 German Empire replaced the double eagle again by a single-headed eagle.
In 1804, Emperor Franz I, the Empire of Austria, for which he called the double eagle coat of arms / Quaternionenadler the Holy Roman Empire, borrowed and certain as Austrian coat of arms in a modified form. Only two years later he resigned the imperial dignity of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and declared the kingdom lapsed. Austria led the double eagle until the dissolution of Austria -Hungary in 1918, Austria has political changes long carefully reconstructed: the breastplate of his double eagle swelled in the "large" coat of arms on sixty-two fields in the "medium" bore - in allusion to the Quaternionenadler - the. flight feathers labels the hereditary lands, including Hungary. At the time of Austro-Fascism 1934-1938 the crest eagle was again double-headed, and nimbiert again.
The Greek Orthodox Church leads the double eagle in the acquisition of Ostrom. The Armenian Church uses the symbol of the double eagle after 1300 years of tradition.
After their conquest of Anatolia Rum Seljuks took over from the Byzantine Empire in the 12th and 13th century madrasas and mosques, the motif of the double eagle. An example is the Divriği mosque in the same small town. On the top of a tree of life the double-headed eagle appears on a stone relief on the entrance facade of the madrasa in Erzurum ( Çifte Minaret Medresesi ).
Double-headed eagle of the Empire of Austria ( " Small Crest" from 1815 )
Coat of arms of the German Confederation
Austria 1934-1938 Coat of arms with eagle nimbiertem
Double-headed eagle on the facade of Divriği Mosque ( Turkey)
The double-headed eagle as a municipal coat of arms
The spruce with the imperial crown, golden haloed double eagle on black was the city of Vienna September 26, 1461 by Emperor Frederick III. awarded his gratitude that the Wiener him. against the attack of his brother Albrecht VI have helped and so replaced the golden, single-headed eagle has been used in the black box.
Soon after, hit the fidelity of the City of Vienna in disobedience to: instead of standing to the emperor, the citizens besieged him, his wife and his four year old son in the Burgtheater in Vienna. With weapons of any kind is made in 1462 to about one hundred men from Krems to help the emperor. Therefore, Emperor Frederick III took. the coat of arms of Vienna back and wore it on April 1, 1463 both his loyal sister towns of Krems and Stein. Since then Krems leads to the imperial crown fitted ( with high Mitra ) and two fluttering binding golden double-headed eagle in black, but without halos.
Today's use
National Coat of Arms
Meanwhile, the double-headed eagle is back in the national emblem of Russia.
Albania is one of the few nations that still carry the double eagle in their national flag today. This double-headed eagle on the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg (1405-1468) attributed, who used it as a seal. It was in 1912 declared Albania's independence with the national coat of arms.
Also in the national coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro was a double-headed eagle, as in the coat of arms of the two separate since 2006 individual states.
State Emblem of Albania
Coat of Arms of Montenegro
Coat of Arms of Serbia
Others
In the coat of arms of noble houses, counties, towns, guilds ( shoemakers ), and many other combinations appeared on the double eagle.
- Counties
County coat of arms of the district of Alb-Donau district
Coat of arms of the district Deggendorf
Coat of arms of Ortenau circle
- City Arms
Flag Athos
Arms of the city of Duisburg
City Arms Erzincan
Essen's coat of arms
City Arms Groningen
Great Seal of the City of Cologne
Coat of arms of the Turkish city of Konya
Coat of arms of Lübeck
City Arms Neuss
City Arms Nijmegen
Coat of arms of Ruhland
City Arms Toledo
City Arms Velletri
Arms of the city of Wiener Neustadt
Special
- A special feature in the arms of Versailles the double-headed cock instead of the double-headed eagle dar. Here the French national animal has assumed a role eagle.