Doubled pawns

Doppelbauer is a term used in chess. It means that two farmers one after the other are located on a line. Are they even without its own pawns on the adjacent right and left lines, then one speaks of isolated doubled pawns.

Doubled pawns usually suffer under a certain weakness, which expresses itself in the attempt to exploit a rise or abzutauschen against enemy pawns. Especially the isolated doubled pawns can be easily attacked and conquered in the final. On the other hand, by also remain easily in position doubled pawns and important fields deny the opponent's pieces to be very strong. That is why it is also called dynamic weak and strong static (Aaron Nimzowitsch ).

Hans Kmoch distinguishes further between real and unreal doubled pawns. When spurious doubled pawns the opponent can not prevent its Entdoppelung, while there is no guarantee for the real Entdoppelung the doubled pawns.

The assessment of whether a Doppelbauer is strong or weak, can not be answered generally. In today's chess practice can master in all possible positions of the emergence of doubled pawns, because they know by experience often means that the weaknesses of the peasants by the enemy can not be exploited. In many opening systems doubled pawns are allowed to receive in return for certain concessions from the opponent. Typical and even longer applied openings are for example the Nimzowitsch - Indian Defence, the Nimzowitsch / Winawer Variation of the French Defence and the Exchange Variation of the Ruy Lopez, where each one is under the responsibility of the bishop pair ( Abtausch a runner against an enemy Springer ) the opposite Doppelbauer is made. The owner has doubled pawns as compensation for the supposed weakness of the bishop pair so that there is an interesting strategic struggle may result in the middlegame.

Examples

The example diagram shows a position of the game Svidler against Kramnik played in the Russian championship in 2005. Svidler has a doubled pawns on the c-file and an isolated doubled pawns on the f-file. Remarkably Swidlers last mock train 17 g2xf3, with whom he voluntarily allowed the weakening of his pawn structure ( it followed before the exchange of blows between white -squared bishop by 16 ... Lb7xf3 ), especially since he would have to f3 with his knight h2 can take back. The special characteristic of this position with heterogeneous, ie opposite castling favored this decision. White opens the g-file for the rook on d1 and is planning an attack on the black king with the other trains Td1 g1, h5- h6 and Sh2 - g4. The doubled pawns played later in a subordinate role and Svidler won the game in the final as a result of the pressure game on the kingside.

An advantage of the opponent's doubled pawns in the endgame shows the game Cohn - Rubinstein, played in St. Petersburg, 1909.

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