Drill

A drilling machine is a machine with the aid of a drill hole may be drilled. The drill is a torquer - put into the required rotary motion - often an electric motor. In the time before individual electric drives interspersed in the application, driven by transmission drills were in industry and handicrafts widespread.

Different variants

Hand drill

The 1895 built by Wilhelm Emil Fein electric hand drill was one of the first power tools.

The device is guided by hand drilling. In addition to electric and pneumatic hand drills, there are also some areas still hand-powered devices (see hand drill / brace ). For secure routing of the engine at high torques can often be placed just before the chuck on the other hand, an additional handle. Typically, you can also mount a depth stop to limit the drilling depth. In the illustrated machine can be switched with a changeover switch between two transmission gears to drill with a small or a large speed. Many devices have an additional variable speed control ( " throttle "). Most can be switched for drilling holes in stone or masonry an impact drilling equipment. Thus, the drill bit is brought into oscillation.

Impact Drill

A hammer drill has a device which applies to the workpiece to piercing through the drill with high impact rate shocks. This process is essential for drilling in brick, concrete and masonry. The impact mechanism consists of a Ratschenzahnung on the drill spindle. The efficiency is achieved only by high contact pressure. Due to the system occurs, wear of the teeth. For frequent concrete drilling a Rotary Hammer is more appropriate.

Rotary Hammer

The hammer drill is a drill that is specialized for drilling holes in stone and masonry as well as for chiselling work. The impact rate is significantly shorter than that of the hammer drill, impact energy is considerably higher. In contrast to the impact drill punches through a pneumatic hammer mechanism are generated, which allows a much higher impact energy. At the same time the necessary holding force is smaller by the operator than with a hammer drill same drilling performance.

Cordless drill

Cordless Drills (see also battery tool ) are wireless hand-held ( Blow ) drills. Most cordless drills have no percussion, so are not suitable for drilling in rock. Typical applications include light work in wood and metal. Cordless Drills with percussion are indeed available, but only recommended where there is a cable-free operation is really necessary.

Bench Drilling Machine

Bench Drills are single spindle vertical drilling machines, which are firmly mounted on table tops. They are suitable for smaller holes and workpieces and have moderate to high speeds. The change in speed is possible without steps or by flicking a V-belt. Depending on the embodiment, it is possible to additionally attach a rotary head of the column. The feed motion is predominantly manually via a lever.

Pillar drill and pillar drill

Pillar drill and pillar drilling machines are particularly suitable for small to medium-sized workpieces. The machine consists of foot, column drill table and drill head. The column serves the drilling table, the adjustable and can be clamped in height and radial, as a guide. For mounting and displacing the workpiece on the rotary table, a machine vice is used. A transmission transfers the engine power to the drilling spindle sleeve with drill spindle and chuck. By turning a hand ring or driven machine, the drilling spindle sleeve can be moved vertically downwards on the workpiece. The automatic feed can usually adjust in several stages. The difference between columns and column drilling machine is in the proper column. The pillar drill has a rectangular column with guides for the drill table, also called drill desk, with possibly dovetail, while the pillar drill used as a guide a round column comprising the table completely.

Line boring machine

Gang drilling machines consist of several upright drills that serve a common drill table. With these various operations such as drilling and countersinking can be performed on a workpiece in one setup. This allows a very quick and efficient work.

Radial Drilling Machine

Radial drilling machines are used for large and heavy workpieces. The drill head is in all three dimensions, so in height, radially and longitudinally adjustable and clamped. The rotary table is usually solid and features T -slots for clamping the workpiece. By operating a lever or the driven machine, the rotary drill bit and the workpiece are moved towards one another.

Astlochbohrmaschine

Knothole boring machines used in woodworking primarily to drill out the branches of planks and beams. They can be designed in stand construction or wall machine. In general, they have three to five spindles which are individually moved backward by a lever mechanism by a spring downwardly and back into the starting position. A movement of the spindles relative to each other is not possible. A further development represents the Astflickautomat that automatically ausbohrt the branch, and then injects glue einpresst the pins or dowels.

Core drilling machine

Core drilling machines are devices that specialize in drilling in brick, concrete and masonry. As drill exclusively diamond-studded drill bits are used. The core drill is operated without shock and partly with water flushing for cooling and removal of drilling dust. The holes made ​​with this machine are very precise and leave a very smooth Bohrrand. The diameter of the holes is about 8 mm to about 500 mm, with increasing size decreases the speed.

Chuck

→ Main article: chuck

The tools are usually clamped in the chuck. In Zahnkranzbohrfuttern a chuck key for tightening is required. In this Bohrfuttertyp is effected by turning the ring gear that pushes a thread inside the ring gear in the current holes in the base jaws back and forth. The keyed chuck can not untwist by its construction in the counter-clockwise rotation, which is not the case with some quick chucks that are designed slightly different to some extent. However, there are also quick chuck, which are built on the principle of keyed chuck, also also keyless chuck with Aufdrehsperre be prepared for hand drills with clockwise rotation. Upright drills and larger devices, and now many hand drills are equipped with various Schnellspannbohrfuttern that enable secure clamping without tools. Hammer drills usually have a form of SDS- coupling.

In stator and radial drilling machines serves as a holder of the drill a Morse taper. For holes with a diameter smaller than 12 mm a conventional three-jaw chuck is usually embedded in the Morse taper. The clamping action of a Morse taper is done by static friction. To remove the bit, here is a so-called tang.

Security

In industrial drilling machines used a regular safety check according to regulation in conjunction with prescribed guidelines of professional associations and with the VDE regulations.

The wearing of safety glasses is required for commercial use and for private use important. Jewelry should be stored before starting work and secured long head hair. Under no circumstances gloves may be worn so that body parts can not be grasped and pulled by the rotating elements of the machine.

Furthermore, the securing of the work piece against turning is important. For a machine vise is useful for drilling machines. This can optionally be mounted on the machine table using slot nuts. Hand held, co-rotating workpieces can otherwise cause injury.

The chuck key must not be allowed to put in the food, because otherwise it flies around at power up and can cause any damage.