Drilling rig

A drilling rig (English: Rig ) is a freestanding steel framework tower, including related equipment, which is used to drill holes on Oil, gas and water (thermal ) bring down ( by mining: abzuteufen ). In some cases, a drilling rig is also used to revise an existing hole ( mining techniques: aufzuwältigen ) or no longer commercially viable hole to fill.

Essential components of a derrick are next to the skeleton of the base, the platform, the finger stage, the clamp (crane hook ) and the elevator. Not directly to the tower belongs functional accessories such as blowout preventers of the (BOP ), the locking system, the mud pumps, the mud system or equipment for the power supply ( diesel-electric, diesel- mechanical or electrical).

Depending on the nature of the force or torque transmission to the drill string and the drill bit, a distinction between the turntable drive or power swivel (English: Top Drive ). When the turntable drive power is transmitted via a so-called ( four -, six- or octagonal ) kelly (English: Kelly) and a rotating device on the platform. The modern power swivel drive transfers at the head of the drill string, the force directly.

In most cases, drilling rigs and thus their size using the executable of them hook loads ( tensile loads ) to be classified. Light rigs are designed to hook loads to about 100 tons, medium rigs are able to draw about 200 tons, heavy equipment can have up to 700 tons hook load.

Small and medium rigs are executed easily disassembled normally, mostly in the form of a telescopic mast mounted on a vehicle and is pivoted hydraulically at the well site and extended to full height. The total height is, however, limited by it permissible vehicle length to about 30 m. Heavy drilling rigs are usually broken down into transportable units and driven on heavy goods vehicles to the next drilling site.

After completion of drilling and respectively of the hinfolgenden completion operations (installation of the conveyor train ), regardless of whether Searched for natural resources such as oil or natural gas or reconnaissance drilling ( exploration well ) was drilled, the rig is no longer necessary. (: Horsehead pump, for example ) built on the location of the derrick or to the tower associated closing systems ( Blow Out Preventer ) is in oil, gas or water finds a rule, a flanging and a Christmas tree and pressure weak oil drilling an oil pump. On oil rigs dedicated to drilling is allowed to stand after completion of the drilling, to carry out further work can normally.