Dryopteridaceae

Real male fern ( Dryopteris filix -max)

The Wurmfarngewächse ( Dryopteridaceae ) are a family of genuine ferns ( Polypodiopsida ).

Features

The family is characterized by creeping, ascending or erect, sometimes climbing rhizomes. At the top are shed. The petioles possess numerous circular vascular bundles arranged in a ring. The leaf blades are uniform ( monomorphic ), rarely, there are two types of spreading ( dimorphic ). Sometimes the spreading with scales or glands, rarely occupied with hair. The leaf veins are dichotomously branched fiederförmig or connected freely or various forms of anastomoses (trunks ).

The sori are typically round, the indusium is round to kidney-shaped, with several clans also missing. The sporangia are stalked short to long. The spores are kidney-shaped, monolet ( a scar ) and have a household Perispor (outermost, additionally mounted overlaid layer of the spore wall).

The basic chromosome number is at most studied genera x = 41, in rare cases, as derived prestigious 40th

Dissemination

The family is primarily pantropical spread, but comes with many representatives in temperate areas before. They grow terrestrially, on rocks, or epiphytic hemiepiphytisch.

System

The scope of Dryopteridaceae is handled very differently depending on the author. Some authors also representatives of the families Tectariaceae, Woodsiaceae and Onocleaceae to Wurmfarngewächsen. To the extent that like him, Smith et al. 2006 summarized that Wurmfarngewächse are pretty sure monophyletic unless Didymochlaena, Hypodematium and Leucostegia be excluded from the family. With these they may be paraphyletic, but the data were not sufficient, they spin off from the family.

Include the Wurmfarngewächse to Smith et al. approximately 40 to 45 genera with a total of 1700 species, of which 70 percent to the four genera Ctenitis, Dryopteris, Polystichum Elaphoglossum and belong. The Wurmfarngewächsen include Pryer et al. According to the representatives of the other authors regarded as independent families Aspidiaceae, Bolbitidaceae, Elaphoglossaceae, Hypodematiaceae and Peranemataceae.

The genera are listed alphabetically:

• Acrophorus C. Presl, with two to seven species between Southeast Asia and the Fiji Islands.
• Acrorumohra (H. Ito ) H. Ito, with about four species in East Asia.
• Adenoderris J. Sm, with three species in the Caribbean.
• Arachniodes flower, with over 100 species in the tropics.
• Ataxipteris Holttum, with up to two species in East Asia, but which are also provided to Ctenitis.
• Bolbitis Schott (including Egenolfia Schott), with at least 58 species in the tropics.
• Coveniella Tindale, with only one kind in Australia: Coveniella poecilophlebia ( Hook. ) Tindale

• Dryopolystichum paheostigma ( Ces. ) Copel.

• Lithostegia foeniculacea ( Hook. ) Ching

• Maxonia apiifolia ( Sw. ) C. Chr

• Revwattsia fragilis ( Watts ) D. L. Jones

• Stenolepia tristis ( flower) Alderw.