Dryopteris

Real male fern ( Dryopteris filix- mas )

The genus of worm fern ( Dryopteris ) comprises at least 150 species of ferns, which are particularly common in the northern hemisphere. There are also many hybrids that have been bred mainly in the Victorian era in England, as ferns for horticulture were very popular.

Some species are now counted among the genera Ctenitis or Thelypteris. In turn, species of the genera Aspidium and Nephrodium Dryopteris have been assigned. In most species mature spores for safe -determination and to distinguish pure species of the hybrids are absolutely necessary.

Description

The types are characterized by a very thick, short and with brown scales densely occupied rootstock. The leaves are pinnate single or double and are available on a short, sturdy stalk and vary greatly in length and width. The leaf blade is hardly narrower towards the bottom, which is a distinctive feature of the Lady Fern ( Athyrium ).

The spores are arranged in large sori on the underside of leaves.

Types (selection)

The genus of ferns worm includes more than 150 and probably more than 280 species worldwide. This includes in Central Europe:

  • Usually Dornfarn or Karthäuserfarn ( Dryopteris carthusiana ( Vill. ) HPFuchs, Syn: D. spinulosa ( Muell. ) watts), is found in Europe and western Asia.
  • Kammfarn ( Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray ), distribution: Europe, West Siberia, Canada, USA.
  • Broadleaf Dornfarn or Wide Fern ( Dryopteris dilatata ( Hoffm. ) A. Gray ), area of ​​distribution: Europe, West and North Asia, North America, Greenland.
  • Gracefully Riger Dornfarn ( Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl ) Fraser - Jenk & Jermy. ), Area of ​​distribution: Europe.
  • Real male fern ( Dryopteris filix- mas ( L.) Schott), distribution: Europe, Asia, North Africa, America.
  • Scree - Male Fern ( Dryopteris oreades Fomin), distribution: Europe and the Caucasus.
  • Entferntfiedriger Dornfarn or Entferntfiedriger Male Fern ( Dryopteris remota ( A. Braun ex Doell ) Druce ), distribution: Europe and Turkey.
  • Rigid Male Fern ( Dryopteris villarii ( Bellardi ) Schinz & Thell Woynar ex. ) Area of ​​distribution: mountains of Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa.

Outside Central Europe occur:

  • Dryopteris aemula ( Aiton ) Kuntze, Origin: Azores, North Spain, France, British Isles, Turkey.
  • Dryopteris atrata ( wall. ) Ching, Origin: North India, China, Taiwan, Japan.
  • Dryopteris clintoniana (DC Eaton ) Dowell, Origin: Canada and USA.
  • Dryopteris crassirhizoma Bakai, Origin: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Sakhalin.
  • Dryopteris cycadina ( Frabch. & Sav. ) C. Chr, Origin: China, Japan.
  • Dryopteris dickinsii ( Hoffm. ) A. Gray, Origin: China, Japan.
  • Rotschleierfarn or red fog shield fern ( Dryopteris erythrosora ( DCEaton ) Kuntze ), Origin: China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines.
  • Scented Fern ( Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott), Origin: Asia, North America and Greenland, arrives in Europe only in northern Finland and Northwest Russia.
  • Giant Wood Fern ( Dryopteris goldieana ( Hook. ex Goldie ) A. Gray ), Origin: Canada and USA.
  • Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume ) Kuntze, Origin: Himalayas, India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Polynesia.
  • Dryopteris hondoensis Koidz, home. Japan.
  • Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray, Origin: Canada and USA.
  • Dryopteris odontoloma C. AD, Origin: Himalayas.
  • Dryopteris sieboldii ( Van Houtte ) Kuntze, Origin: Japan, Taiwan.
  • . Dryopteris stewartii Fraser - Jenk, Origin: Himalayas, China.
  • Dryopteris tokyoensis ( Makino ) C. Chr, Origin: Japan, Korea.
  • Dryopteris uniformis ( Makino ) Makino, Origin: Japan, South Korea, China.
  • Mountain male fern ( Dryopteris wallichiana ( Spreng. ) HYL. ), Origin: Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, China.

Use

The species of the genus Dryopteris included in the rhizomes as medically effective substances Phloroglucinverbindungen ( " Filizin " ), paralyze intestinal parasites. The extracts were therefore used in the past for the treatment of tapeworm infestation. Hence the name Fern. Because many poisonings, including fatalities, the male fern has now been put on the negative list of herbal supplements. Only the failure of modern tapeworm these funds will be used by qualified medical practitioners.

Leptosporangiate fern Sorus
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