Dulduityn Danzanravjaa
Dulduityn Rawdschaa (Mongolian Дулдуйтын Равжаа, also: Danzanrawdschaa, Данзанравжаа; * 1803, † January 1856 ) was a Mongolian writer and is considered a national poet of the country.
Life
Rawdschaa was born the son of an impoverished and begging livestock guardian. He lost his mother early, so had his father initially educate alone. With six years he gave the boy as a novice in a monastery, where he soon distinguished himself by his quick wit and versatile talents.
As Rotmützenlama he belonged to the older, un-reformed Lamaism, which was not very common in Mongolia. Less unrealistic than the newer school of Tibetan Buddhism, he was not bound to celibacy. Despite some limitations Rawdschaa led a rather worldly life, giving him not only friends in the clergy and the nickname " drinkers of the Gobi " earned.
As a teenager, he received the high spiritual dignity as a born-again and the title of 5th Nojon Chutagt the Gobi. In addition to a thorough theological education, he acquired an excellent knowledge of Indian and Tibetan poetics, as well as the Mongolian literature. The unsteady Rawdschaa, not an unrealistic clergyman and poet, almost traveled the whole Mongolia. He founded and visited numerous monasteries to teach there.
Work
What Rawdschaas extensive poetic work, which he wrote partly in Tibetan language, compared to its predecessors is characterized, on the one hand the close of folklore, particularly in his songs, which found rapid spread and today are popular, on the other hand, the secular, often very personal tone in many of his didactic poems ( Surgaal ), in which he said rigid didactic train of religious poetry overcame (including " the paper bird "). Especially with his love and the love of country marked by deep nature poetry, he became the first outstanding poet of Mongolian literature.
Live in a time yet to established social and religious structures, its sometimes accusatory criticism was not directed against the foundations of the feudal system, but against the " bad qualities " of man, which he members of the secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy and even yourself that involved (including " shame, shame ," excerpt ger 1972). His didactic poems reach philosophical depth and often have a resigned tone (including " The running of the women's world ", extract ger 1972).
Rawdschaa may be referred to as a reconnaissance under the conditions of the Mongolian nomadic feudalism. He propagated humanistic values such as tolerance and respect for national traditions. To promote education, he opened under the name "Temple of the Children " a school for boys and girls, which it had until then not been in Mongolia. There they were given a comprehensive practical training. In his travels Rawdschaa distributed donations and Medicine, examined patients and appeared at festivals.
Aftereffect
Rawdschaa possessed a unique collection of manuscripts and relics, which he showed at exhibitions and the now partially rebuilt after 1990 Rawdschaas main monastery in the Eastern Gobi Aimag the (Republic of ) Mongolia are to be visited.
Not only the high level of oral and written tradition speaks for the rapid spread of his worldly seals and especially the songs in the common people. Numerous anecdotes clustered round the personality of the priest and his unusual life.
It was not until 1962, a copy of Rawdschaas works are published by Tsendiin Damdinsiiren. He and his team were also responsible for the first Mongolian theater piece, Rawdschaas "History of Moon Cuckoo " (1832 ) rediscovered. Basing on the fabric of an old Indian legend, Rawdschaa created the musical comedy from the moon cuckoo, to which he also wrote the music and he had put on himself. With this piece, the first step on the road to a national theater was done, what its sequel, however, was only a hundred years later.
Today Rawdschaa applies, as a classic and next Daschdordschiin Natsagdordsch as national poet of the Mongols.
Translations
- In: Walther Heissig, History of Mongolian Literature, Vol 1 / 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century, Wiesbaden 1972
- In: Klaus Oehmichen, Mongolian poetry, Mongolian Notes, Issue 18/2009
- In: There wander the times under the eternal sky. A pearl necklace Mongolian poetry, Leipzig 2014