Duty

( Maintain ) Required or If that's what someone has to do on moral grounds. In addition, is called duty also what is required of an assumed authority as authorized by someone. In this sense, for example, is committed to a police officer the authority of the legislature.

Ethics

Moral duty is related to the moral law, which allows an action and does not demand. The difference is therefore between the request and the permission ( to ) an action.

Duty and forced

In a constitutional state the legal obligations imposed on people, this may be associated with underlying moral judgments in conflict. When you must or must override moral grounds on legal obligations, is the subject of public debate. Unconditional duty, negative judgmental referred to as blind obedience or blind obedience, generally is not considered the behavior of a mature person. In this assessment the terrible experience from the time of National Socialism have been included (see also insubordination ).

In contrast to the forced obligation differs in that it is based on a social, ethical or rational discourse, including finding a consensus. It is necessary, therefore, that a duty Electing recognizes the need for the exercise itself and sees. It therefore leads to the assumption of responsibility and ends with success or failure, which might be subject to both positive and negative consequences in relation to their own expectations for the actor. As a result, mandatory exercise always requires an examination of conscience and a careful risk assessment (eg, can not be expected a lifeguard or a firefighter in any case to comply with its obligation if the risk of his own life seems too high). When forced, however, is something demanded if necessary without consent or understanding. The Forced can then be accepted, rejected or endured.

Code of ethics

The doctrine of the duties is called deontology (composed of the Greek to deon, " all that is necessary, the duty," and logos, "teaching", or " deontology ").

The basic principle is to rely on the motivation of the action. It follows the examination of whether motivation and action with a measure of value, the reasonable person realizes immediately, are compatible or not. The reasoning process leaves only the attributes "good" or "bad" to.

Theology

Duty also plays an important role in the theology and first means the duty of the people to the law of God. From the observance of obligations arises the freedom of man.

• Roman Catholic Church: The Roman Catholic Church defined for their families, among other things, the obligation to work, fraternal correction ( Catholic Adult Catechism 1995), the duty of disclosure of human life ( Feast of the Holy Family 2005 ) and the obligation to responsible parenthood and the obligation to maintain the awareness of " gift and task " ( World Day of Peace 2007).

• Islam: see Fard

Jurisprudence

Obligations play in jurisprudence a major role: legal norms, the sum of which is called the objective law ( legal system ), are abstract and general Sollensnormen. So allocate to what to do in a particular case ( legal consequence ). Thus, they typically undertake an entity at a particular action ( bid ) or omission (prohibition ). Can other require compliance with this obligation, then the other carrier of a subjective right.

The public law recognizes the concept of competence, which describes a "mandatory law ": the state is different from the fundamental rights citizens entitled to no freedom, but only duly exercised responsibilities. Conversely, any duty imposed on the citizens (about conscription ), an interference with their freedom and must be measured against the fundamental rights.

In private law duty means the Verpflichtetsein ("debt " ) as opposed to liability. The obligation of the debtor is typically receive a personal right of the creditor, the claim. Power of private autonomy can basically enter any obligations anyone by contract.

In criminal law, a conflict of duties constitute a justification.

Moral obligation is a legal obligation for benefits to identifiable natural person.

Sports

In sports disciplines such as vaulting and gymnastics there in the competition area a duty and a Kürteil. Under the duty is understood here, in contrast to freestyle, a predetermined order of certain elements of movement and exercises. The aim is to compare the performances of the athletes directly.

In figure skating was the duty program until 1991, in the ice dancing competition discipline until 2010.

Examples

Compulsory education, compulsory membership, funeral duty, duty firefighters ( The fire service in Switzerland in most cantons a duty ), compulsory attendance, task (required ).