Dynamic passenger information
A dynamic passenger information (DFI, also DyFa ) is designed to inform passengers in public transport on the journeys currently available. For this purpose, the data of long-term - static - fixed timetables from continuously - dynamic - established schedule deviations supplemented. The passenger information system ( DFIS ) thus represents an extension of traditional ( static ) passenger information
- 3.1 Data exchange between transport companies
- 3.2 Data exchange between German railway and other transport companies
- 4.1 Layout Drawing estimate churn
- 4.2 Layout drawing train announcement
- 4.3 Layout drawing train destination display
- 4.4 Photo Bus announcement
- 4.5 Photo Bus departure time display
- 4.6 Photo Dynamic passenger information for bus and train
- 4.7 Photo -line dynamic passenger information
Application
A common requirement of passengers to the transport company is a suitable real-time information. This is unsolicited submit any deviation from the printed static schedule. In terms of the availability of the provider is available here in the street ' for example in construction sites, diversions / replacement traffic, delays and outages. An efficient DFI system can provide such information to stations and stops, in vehicles or in information systems ( mobile, World Wide Web / WAP, SMS, Teletext / Videotext, telephone query ) present. For timely information on events a DFI passengers.
In individual cases, passengers also have the option to let himself be guided by the dynamic passenger information to their advantage:
- If trips depart in the same direction from different locations ( bus stops, railway tracks ), a DFI serve the immediate orientation even without knowledge of schedule, so prefers large departure display boards are mounted on large or blind stops / stations.
- Sometimes it makes sense to to other roads or private transport means ( walking, taxi, etc.) to avoid.
Transport companies create an increasing extent on DFI systems because they increase the acceptance of public transport. Right now ( 2005) are those plants common in privately operated rail routes and public transport larger German cities.
The German Bahn AG for years delay information transmitted through already display systems and loudspeaker announcements. This Traveler Information System ( RIS) is queried via the Internet and directory assistance personnel in stations.
Chance are also road signs that point to park-and -ride spaces, displayed to motorists the minutes until the departure of the next public means of transport, the associated stop.
Components of a DFI system
A DFI system generally consists of several components that collect, process and present information. The first DFI systems were as an addition to existing computer-aided control systems ( RBL), which provide, among other personnel information on the current driving conditions, implemented and offered by the manufacturers of such equipment. Sophisticated computer-based control systems have information about the timetable, the routing and the current vehicle movements, and they have data access to some of the places where the information should be presented. Gathering information in different sources ( for example, for transport cross-company transfer passengers information ) and the desired, possible modern presentation media, flexible representation of information requires considerable complexity of hardware and software. For this reason (as of 2005 ) intensified lately the trend to see a DFI system as an independent functional unit. These installations often work closely with guidance systems. In certain cases, when installing a highly developed DFI system, which also informs the operating personnel sufficient to the need of a control system no longer exists.
The components of a DFI system can be divided into the following functional groups: staff assistance, data collection, data processing, data transmission, presentation for the passenger.
Operation
Since several parameters that need to be partially changed often influence (for example, drive failures, special trains, to display special texts), the function of the DFI system, it is necessary to provide a user option for the staff. In addition, such an operator station staff on the current vehicle positions that inform the text content of all indicators and possible error conditions. In some cases this work is combined with the operator station of a master computer.
Data collection
Basis of the DFI is the real-time dynamic information about the current vehicle movements. The DFI system receives this information from a host ( either vehicle positions or already processed predicted arrival and departure times ) or from the DFI specially assigned vehicle tracking systems. For rail vehicles are equipped with data cables tailed crossing sensors common buses usually have to be used to locate radio-based devices. The vehicles recognize their position, for example, by GPS or by the passing of special infrared transmitters and transmit this information via analog or digital private mobile radio or via a public network such as GPRS.
In addition to current vehicle movements import DFI systems in some cases timetable data (including recent changes ) automatically from a corresponding computer system.
Data preparation
This central functionality of the DFI calculated using a " display " strategy to presenting information from the parameters and the detected dynamic data. This includes the forecast of future vehicle movement (if this data can not be already taken by a control system) and the calculation of changing text and graphics for different presentation media. Especially for stationary stops indicator ( see below) is a complex display strategy note that information such as " next ride: Line X to Y in Z minutes " ( as large as possible and from a distance readable ), "the next rides at this breakpoint " ( as many trips are to be reported ), special texts can represent suitably mixed alternately in time or in a flexible layout, etc. after a scheduler.
Data transmission
The DFI requires an extensive network of data paths to obtain information and to supply the presentation facilities. Here various techniques are used depending on the environment: dedicated electrical and optical cable routes and wide-area networks, shared standard networks such as large-scale Ethernet installations, ATM and OTN, shared the wired or wireless data paths of a control system, dedicated radio links, for example DECT base station, public packet-oriented wireless networks such as GPRS and UMTS, VPN routes over Internet connections.
Presentation
The passenger may, depending on the system design across media access to information on the DFI electronic displays (displays) in vehicles and stationary at bus stops, automatic or - for example, for the visually impaired - available at your fingertips audible throughout vehicles and stationary at stops ( BLIS ), web pages on the Internet, automated telephone prompts, text retrieval using your mobile phone. Each of these devices requires suitably designed hardware, software and data paths.
In the vehicle interior loudspeaker announcements and character-based LCD displays are common. Full graphical display ( eg LCD monitors and LED or Plasma indicator ) are also in use. Warn the current position of the vehicle in some cases, beading indicator in which either luminous points on a route plan highlight the next stop, or small text displays show some of the following stops on the route. Currently (as of 2008), information on the times at which breakpoints are reached, and current connection information is not yet common. Sometimes graphic displays are used for advertising purposes in addition. The data supply of the news media in the vehicle interior is mostly done via the integrated in the control system onboard computer.
Stationary installations at bus stops and train stations can consist of optical and acoustic indicators paging devices. While the voice prompts restricted to the announcement of the next ride or - for example, for the visually impaired - at the touch also read longer texts electronically, destination displays can present different information permanently.
In addition to used at bus stops acoustic and visual information in the inlet area also operated computer terminals to query the dynamic passenger information can be provided.
The display systems are supplied depending on local conditions wired (fieldbus, Ethernet, HDLC) or wireless ( mobile radio, DECT, GPRS, DAB) with data.
Representation of the departure times
For the passenger the most important information of DFI is the predicted departure time of the vehicle. However, a DFI system can provide this information only reliably available when supply the sensors on the inlet line current data on vehicle movements. In case of faults or not equipped with sensors stretches the track DFI is forced to rely on the static times of the timetable. To convey this difference to the passenger, show many installations, the dynamically forecasted times in the form of reverse current minutes while the static schedule data is specified as an absolute time points in hours and minutes. Various installations, however, do not offer this service, showing all departure times in the same manner, so that the reliability of information from the passenger can not be assessed.
Transport company -wide passenger information
Data exchange between transport companies
In 2003, the Association has defined German Transport Companies ( VDV), cross-vendor interfaces for cooperation between neighboring transport companies in connection protection (VDV 453) and " dynamic timetable information " (VDV 454). Currently (as of 2005), the first DFI systems that are able to take dynamic information from neighboring transport operators and mixed with your own data to present arise. The first systems that operate entirely according to VDV 454, now exist, as for example in the DFI in Vienna and since 2007 the Istdatenserver (IDS ) of the transport association Rhein- Ruhr.
Since 2005 at Stadtwerke Munich the dynamic drive information of the metro, tram, bus and tram in a purely based on VDV 453 Information Management System (IMS ) together and it fed the passenger information displays. Since 2008, some of it this information in a web-based timetable information, which enables the transport cross- holding area specific timetable information in real time.
Data exchange between the German railway and other transport companies
The German track is called contract law obstacles, real-time information on actual driving data of passenger trains to systems of other operators to pass. For this reason, only one installation is currently (as of summer 2005) known to be displayed in the dynamic port information from S-Bahn trains on DFI investments by a local transport company. Technically, however, are just given for passing dynamic information transfer passengers ideal conditions at Deutsche Bahn: the UIC data network can always easily accessible standardized interface reliable real-time data (although regional differences in accuracy) deliver.
Also, conversely, it is not customary to give directly to the railroad track the disembarking passenger dynamic information about the actually achievable transport means at hand. In some stations, but indicators of the transport operation are installed in the inlet area.
Pictures
Layout drawing prior churn
Notice with rides the bus and train service.
At the top of the logo of the bus company and the current time will be shown. In between, the motto of the transport company in running text.
The bus fares are displayed with the expected departure time ( in min ... ). When the train scheduled departure time is given, supplemented with known delays for a hint, which is shown alternately with the target ( in the static image is not visible ).
As usual now so all the schedule taken time points Zugfahrzeiten be explicitly presented with hour and minute, while predicted bus departure times in the form " ... in minutes " specified.
Layout drawing train announcement
On the platform the next five runs are indicated by the minutes accurately predicted departure times here.
Layout drawing train destination display
Shortly before entering a vehicle, the display changes to a specific image for this ride with enlarged, highly visible drive - definition, " over - places " and a symbol to indicate the length of the train and hold.
Photo Bus announcement
In the underpass here the next 12 departures are marked with the minutes exactly predicted departure times. The runs can also be queried on the WWW and WAP.
Photo Bus departure time display
The displays show the next bus departures and their exact departure location are displayed at the bus platform.
Photo dynamic passenger information for bus and train
In this variant, the departure times for buses and trains are shown on two separate displays.
Photo -line dynamic passenger information
At smaller stations of Deutsche Bahn AG recently come one-line dynamic passenger information ( Dynamic font indicators ) are used. These show a ticker on only delays and normally the time ( also in running text).