Earl Marshal

The Office of the Earl Marshal is a medieval title of knighthood in England, Ireland, Scotland and later in the United Kingdom.

England

The Earl Marshal of England is a hereditary title of a high British government officials. First was the title of Marshal only until under William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, whose name the two components Earl Marshal and still contained separately, the term Earl Marshal was familiar. After the office had come to the family of the Dukes of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was the official name. The Earl Marshal is the eighth among the Great Officers of State the Lord High Constable about him and only the Lord High Admiral under him. The Office was established as some others pursued under the Great Officers of State by several people on commission.

In the Middle Ages the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were responsible for the horses and stables of the king's officers. Won as knighthood and nobility of influence, took off the importance of the Lord High Constable and the Earl Marshal was head of the College of Arms ( Herald's Office ), which was involved in all matters of genealogy and heraldry. In conjunction with the Lord High Constable he sat before the Court of Chivalry, a court, which dealt questions on the level of the ransom, the division of the spoils, the salary of soldiers and eventually the abuse of coats of arms. As one of the Great Officers he is still responsible for coronations and parliamentary openings.

After the House of Lords Act 1999, the Earl Marshal is next to the Lord Great Chamberlain, the only carrier of a hereditary title of nobility, which automatically has a seat in the House of Lords, so that he can fulfill his ceremonial duties in the House of Lords.

Lord Marshal of England 1135-1397

Earl Marshal of England in 1397 - today

  • Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1397-1398
  • Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey 1398-1399
  • Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland 1400-1412
  • John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1412-1432
  • John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1432-1461
  • John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1461-1476
  • Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York 1476-1483
  • John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1483-1485
  • William Berkeley, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1486-1497
  • Henry Tudor, Duke of York 1497-1509
  • Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1509-1524
  • Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1524-1547
  • Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset 1547-1549
  • John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland 1549-1553
  • Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1553-1554
  • Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1554-1572
  • George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury 1572-1590
  • Commission in 1590-1597
  • Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 1597-1601
  • Commission in 1602-1603
  • Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester 1603
  • Commission in 1604-1622
  • Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel 1622-1646
  • Henry Howard, Earl of Arundel 22, 1646-1652
  • Commission in 1652-1661
  • James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk 1661-1662
  • Commission in 1662-1672
  • Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk 1672-1684
  • Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk 1684-1701
  • Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk 1701-1732
  • Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk 1732-1777
  • Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk 1777-1786
  • Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk 1786-1815
  • Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk 1815-1842
  • Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk 1842-1856
  • Henry Granville Fitzalan - Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk 1856-1860
  • Henry Fitzalan - Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk 1860-1917
  • Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan - Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk 1917-1975
  • Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan - Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk 1975-2002
  • Edward William Fitzalan - Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, 2002 -
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