Eder

The Eder ( until the early 20th century and in the dialect known as Edder ) is 176.1 km flow distance of the longest and largest as well as an orographic left and western tributary of the Fulda. It runs in North Rhine -Westphalia and Hesse.

The river rises in the Rothaargebirge on Ederkopf flows, among other things by the Lake Eder and empties into Edermünde - Grifte in the Fulda. He flows through the district of Siegen -Wittgenstein, the Waldeck- Frankenberg and Schwalm- Eder-Kreis.

Course

Source

The Eder rises in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Siegen -Wittgenstein in the southeast of the Rothaargebirge. The Eder source located in the natural area Ederkopf -Lahn head back lies in Wittgenstein district on the west of Benfe uplifting Ederkopf ( 648.8 m above sea level. NHN ), a southern slopes of the Supreme Henn ( 675.9 m). At around 621 meters above sea level it is located about 700 m south-southwest from Ederkopf and 1.4 km (each air line) east-northeast from the forester's house Hohenroth. Because the spring emerges as slope debris source in a spring mire, there is not just one but several sources; still in the source bog her flow to two small source streams.

The Eder flows through mostly sparsely populated rural areas - mainly in east-northeast direction:

Headwaters

After the young Eder eastern outskirts of Hilchenbach -Lützel has happened, where the Lützelbach opens her first significant tributary, it flows through in their upper reaches of the Wittgenstein district, where it reaches Erndtebrück and the Bad Berleburg districts Bergshausen and space land. In Erndtebrück flows from the south the Benfe one, in room country from north to Odeborn. Then reached the river, when changing from Westphalia to Northern Hesse, the Waldeck- Frankenberg. After the confluence of coming from the north Elsoff the Eder runs through Hatzfeld, north past the forest located in Hatzfeld bagpipe and in a northeasterly direction towards Battenberg.

Middle reaches

Below Battenberg where it emerges from the southeastern foothills of the Rothaargebirge, the Eder flows in its middle course through a valley between Broad Struth in the west and Castle Forest and cellar woods to the east. She runs over Allendorf, where discharges from the north of Linspherbach, Frankenberg, where flows the Nemphe from the south. In Frankenberg- Schreufa joins from the northwest, the Nuhne one in Vöhl - Ederbringhausen from the same direction the Orke.

Then the Eder flows into the western end of the highest water level at 28.5 km long Edersees. At the reservoir beginning at the north joins the Itter, it makes a sharp bend to the northern part of the basement Forest and flows in an easterly direction through the Lake Eder, on its eastern end, the Waldeck Castle rises. Below Frankenberg and in the area of Edersees, to the south of the National Park basement Edersee followed, the Eder runs through the park Keller -Edersee.

Underflow

Below and east of the dam in the Eder dam flows through the Eder in their downstream in an easterly direction a river valley, in which, among others, the Affolderner lake and some districts of the municipality are Eder. After the breakthrough from the Lake Eder - trough in the Wegaer Ederaue at the Rabenstein gate at Affoldern, the open out of the coming of the southwest Wilde and having passed the Porta Hassiaca ( " Hesse Gate" ), the narrow valley cut between the corner Rich ( southernmost foothills of the Long Forest ) in the north and the Bueraberg (northeast edge of the mountain spur Keller Woods, and former location of the Büraburg ) in the south, the Eder valley extends in the Schwalm - Eder district to the west Hessian Depression.

In this vast river valley located at the Eder, among other cities and towns Fritzlar, Wabern and Felsberg. Below the corner of Rich's Eder flows to the river Elbe from the north. East-northeast of Wabern, between the Felsberger districts of Altenburg and Rhünda, opens with the coming of a south Schwalm (97 km long ) is the largest and longest tributary Eder. From Felsberg, after the coming of the West Ems discharges, the Eder turns to the north and reaches the community Edermünde. In the district Grifte opens a little to the north of the country road 3221 ( Grifte - Guxhagen ) of the West as the lowest Eder tributary flowing through the village pilgrims stream.

Mouth

Finally, the Eder Kassel pool opens in the south of area less than 1 km north-east of Grifte and 2.5 km (each a straight line ) northwest of the center of Guxhagen at about 143 m height at Fulda km 45.35 in the coming there from the southeast Weser- source river Fulda; thus the Eder water from the source to the mouth overcomes around 478 m height difference.

It is noteworthy that the 176.1 km long Eder has come to its mouth 750 m flow distance more than the total of 220.7 km long Fulda, which is to get 175.35 kilometers long.

Catchment and hydrology

The catchment area ( that is, the aboveground dewatered area ) of the Eder is 3360.966 km ². Thus, it is slightly larger than that of the longer Fulda ( in which the Eder flows ) from its source to the Eder estuary.

The mean water discharge at the Eder- level Fritzlar in which AEO ( above-ground catchment area up to the measuring point ) of 1,804 km ² with MQ (mean discharge rate ) = 24.1 m³ / s - corresponding to a mean water runoff from MQ = 13.4 l / (s • km ²) - specified. At this point is the Schwalm, the largest tributary, not yet incorporated, and it is not least not yet contain the waters of the Ems. The mean lowest water levels ( MNQ ) is 5.91 m³ / s, the mean highest outflows 138 m³ / s Both these values are influenced by the operation of the Edertalsperre the buffers on both sides of the extremes of the scale. On March 11, 1981, 313 m³ / s. After the destruction of the Eder Dam on May 17, 1943 Fritzlar passed about 3600 m³ / s

At the level Affoldern, located below the Eder dam, flowed on February 9th, 1946 from about 770 m³ / s. The catchment area of the Eder is there to 1452 km ².

Width, flat spot and gravel below the bridge between Zennern and Obermöllrich

As NSG reported (artificial ) riparian forests across the river

Deep, slow-flowing section with dead wood remains in the river

History

The Eder is first mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus in 15 AD as the position in the area of the Chatti Adrana, at their crossing near the present-day Fritzlar the Romans met with strong opposition from the chat, before she then destroyed their capital Mattium.

She is a gold bearing river at least since the Goldbach - junction at the Frankenberger district Röddenau. Much of the gold of the Eder is on the Itter from Eisenberg Korbach, Central Europe's largest gold deposit, respectively. The main historic mining sites are located downstream below the Eder dam between Affoldern and Fritzlar. The German Order ran a gold wash on the Eder at Obermöllrich in the 14th century. In the 18th century ducats from Eder gold were minted, which are a rarity among collectors today. Even today gold discoveries of around 1 mm in size are possible.

On the banks of the Eder in the Westphalian Schwarzenau was established in August 1708, the religious movement of Schwarzenau Brethren, after a group of eight adults in the Eder was baptized by triple immersion. After this emigration pietistic Anabaptist movement is now widespread in North America.

Tributaries

The most important tributaries of the Eder are:

Notes on the following table: For a better overview and to sort downriver are in the DGKZ digits after the number 428, which represents the Eder, dashes ( - ) are inserted. The Eder river kilometers were - upstream counted - calculated from the difference between the Eder length of 176.1 km and the " milestone " of the estuary. Rivers that flow directly into the Eder dam but in their Edersee are marked with an asterisk (*).

→ List of watercourses in the river system Eder

Towns

Among the places at or near the Eder include downriver considered:

The headwaters of the Eder: in North Rhine -Westphalia:

Luetzel ( Hilchenbach )
Erndtebrück
Womelsdorf ( to Erndtebrück )
Birkelbach ( to Erndtebrück )
Goddelsbach ( to Erndtebrück )
Röspe ( to Erndtebrück )
Aue ( Bad Berleburg )
Bergshausen ( Bad Berleburg )
Room country ( " Markhausen " and " Meckhausen "; Bad Berleburg )
Dotzlar ( with "Hardwood Roth"; Bad Berleburg )
Arfeld ( with " In Ahlen " and " Stedenhof "; Bad Berleburg )
Schwarzenau ( Bad Berleburg )
Beddelhausen ( Bad Berleburg )

In Hessen ( to the mouth of the river Fulda ):

Hatzfeld
Holzhausen ( to Hatzfeld )
Reddighausen ( to Hatzfeld )
Dodenau ( to Battenberg )
Battenberg

On the middle reaches of the Eder:

Battenfeld ( to Allendorf )
Allendorf
Rennertehausen ( to Allendorf )
Groves ( to Allendorf )
Birkenbringhausen ( to Castle Forest)
Röddenau ( Frankenberg )
Frankenberg
Viermünden ( Frankenberg )
Ederbringhausen ( to Vöhl )
Schmittlotheim ( to Vöhl )
Kirchlotheim ( to Vöhl )
Herzhausen ( to Vöhl )
Harbshausen ( to Vöhl )
Asel ( to Vöhl )
Asel -south ( to Asel or Vöhl )
Bringhausen ( to Eder )
Scheid ( Waldeck )
Rehbach ( to Eder )
Lower advertising ( Waldeck )
Waldeck ( with " Waldeck -West" )
Hemfurth- Lake Eder ( Eder to )

The lower reaches of the Eder:

Affoldern ( to Eder )
Flours ( with " Lieschensruh ", to Eder )
Bergheim ( to Eder )
Giflitz ( to Eder )
Anraff ( to Eder )
Waves ( to Eder )
Wega ( Bad Wildungen )
Mandern ( Bad Wildungen )
Ungedanken ( Fritzlar )
Geismar ( Fritzlar )
Fritzlar
Obermöllrich ( Fritzlar )
Zennern ( to Wabern )
Cappel ( Fritzlar )
Waft
Niedermöllrich ( to Wabern )
Harle ( to Wabern )
Lohre ( to Felsberg )
Altenburg ( to Felsberg )
Rhünda ( to Felsberg )
Gensungen ( to Felsberg )
Felsberg
Böddiger ( to Felsberg )
Altenbrunslar ( to Felsberg )
Neuenbrunslar ( to Felsberg )
Ellenberg ( to Guxhagen )
Wolfershausen ( to Felsberg )
Haldorf ( to Edermünde )
Grifte ( to Edermünde )

Castles

The castles at or near the Eder include downriver considered: in North Rhine -Westphalia:

Berleburg Castle, castle in Bad Berleburg

In Hessen ( to the mouth of the river Fulda ):

Hatzfeld castle, castle ruins in Hatzfeld
Kellerburg, castle ruins in Battenberg
Castle Viermünden, castle in Viermünden ( Frankenberg )
Hessenstein Castle, castle in Ederbringhausen ( to Vöhl )
Keseburg, castle ruins at Ederbringhausen ( to Vöhl )
Castle on the oven, the ruins between Schmittlotheim and Kirchlotheim ( to Vöhl )
Mosquito Burg ( castle mosquito ), the ruins at Kirchlotheim ( to Vöhl )
Ehrenburg castle ruins above the Edersees near Marie Hagen ( to Vöhl )
Hünselburg, castle ruins above the Edersees at Basdorf ( to Vöhl )
Bring castle, ruins on the Island of Love in Lake Eder in Bringhausen ( to Eder )
Waldeck Castle, castle above the Edersees to Waldeck
Schlossberg home, castle in Bergheim ( to Eder )
Büraburg, castle ruins at Ungedanken ( Fritzlar )
Altenburg, castle ruins near Altenburg ( to Felsberg )
Holy Castle Castle, the ruins at Gensungen ( to Felsberg )
Rock Castle, castle ruins as part Felsberg

Source close to other rivers

Near the Eder source lie in the Rothaargebirge the sources of two other major rivers: Only 3 km southeast rises the flowing westward to the Rhine victory. A further 2.5 km to the south rises the Lahn, which largely parallel to the Eder flows in its upper reaches to the east, but then turns south-west and flows into the Rhine.

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