Egyptian Revolution of 1919

The revolution in Egypt 1919 ( Egyptian Arabic: ثورة 1919 thawret 1919) was a nationwide revolution against British colonial rule in Egypt and the Sudan. It was conducted under the leadership of the revolutionary leader Saad Zaghlul Pasha from the Sultanate of Egypt as well as other members of the Wafd Party led by people from different walks of life.

The Revolution forced Britain to recognize the unilateral declaration of independence Egyptian from 1922 and introducing the Constitution of Egypt in 1923 in the country. However, Britain still refused to guarantee the full Egyptian sovereignty over the Anglo -Egyptian Sudan, or withdraw its units from the Suez Canal zone.

History and aftermath

On February 28, 1922, the British government proclaimed under pressure from the Egyptian independence movement, especially the Wafd ( " delegation ," Party of the lawyer Saad Zaghlul ), the end of the Protectorate, which was officially introduced in 1914. The autonomy of the newly created Kingdom of Egypt was but relatively complete, as certain areas were reserved to the British crown - like the security responsibility over the Suez Canal, the country's defense and the representation of national interests in foreign policy. After the abolition of the Protectorate, the previous Sultan Fu'ad I., to the applause of the people was proclaimed king of Egypt.

In 1936, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Egypt Anglo -Egyptian granted by the Treaty of London its independence, but the preservation of British control was it ensured over the Suez Canal for 20 years. After performed by Ali Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser military coup in 1952 against Egypt Farouk officers proclaimed the Republic in Egypt in 1953 by the so-called movement Free. These two nationalized the Suez Canal.

Bibliography

• M. W. Daly: The British Occupation, 1882-1922. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Histories Online 1988.
• Ellis Goldberg: Peasants in Revolt - Egypt 1919 1992.
• James Jankowski: Egypt: A Short History. Oneworld Publications, Oxford, 2000.
• Valentine Chirol: The Egyptian Question 1922.
• P. J. Vatikiotis: The History of Modern Egypt, 4, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 1992.
• 800 native dead in Egypt 's rising; 1,600 wounded. In: New York Times, July 25, 1919.
• Zaheer Masood Quraishi: Liberal Nationalism in Egypt: Rise and Fall of the Wafd Party. Kitab Mahal Private LTD., 1967.
• Stephen Zunes: Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective. Blackwell Publishing, 1999.