El Niño–Southern Oscillation#Southern Oscillation

As Southern Oscillation Gilbert Walker describes the air mass exchange between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.

The eastern Pacific is relatively cold compared to the Indian Ocean. From sub-Antarctic regions here, cold deep water passes over the Humboldt current along the west coast of South America to the equator. In forms, due to the energy- poor environment, a high pressure area from. The Indian Ocean is to the equator relatively warm and so offers more potential for condensation to form a low pressure system. Along the equator there is a air mass exchange from the eastern Pacific to the Indian Ocean.

A statistical measure for the stability of this circulation, the Southern Oscillation Index ( SOI). Years with a low SOI be called by a high SOI La Nina El Nino years.

Recent research are based on a coupled ocean-atmosphere system (El Niño - Southern Oscillation, ENSO ).

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